印尼的出口禁令和国内增值

Group 1: Export Ban Impact - Indonesia's nickel export ban, implemented in 2014, aimed to promote domestic industrialization and increase domestic value-added ratio (DVAR) in downstream industries[4] - The DVAR in the steel-using sector increased by 5.6% from 2011 to 2020, contrasting with an overall DVAR growth of only 1.1% in the economy[17] - The ban led to a higher share of smaller, less efficient firms entering the market, resulting in an overall loss of efficiency in downstream industries[4] Group 2: Market Dynamics - The export ban created a buyer's monopoly in the nickel market, leading to a decrease in domestic nickel prices, which in turn lowered steel prices[16] - Despite increased domestic steel usage, the reliance on imported steel remains significant, indicating limited capacity to produce high-quality steel domestically[19] - The average firm size in the steel-using sector decreased significantly post-ban, with a higher proportion of small new entrants, which contributed to lower overall productivity[17] Group 3: Policy Recommendations - To minimize unintended negative impacts and further advance industrialization, the government should implement complementary policies such as trade liberalization and foreign direct investment (FDI) facilitation[20] - The findings suggest that while the export ban has started to increase domestic value-added, it also incurs unexpected costs that could hinder long-term growth prospects[30] - The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive and effective policy coordination to enhance economic foundations rather than relying solely on export bans[30]