国内基本面向好与美联储降息的双重信号

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core View of the Report - The RMB is expected to fluctuate with a slight upward bias. The current situation shows a neutral economic expectation gap, a narrowing Sino-US interest rate gap favorable to the RMB, and neutral trade policy uncertainty. It is predicted that the USD/CNY will remain in the range of 7.05 - 7.10. If the US core data is significantly weaker than expected or China's external demand continues to improve, the probability of a short-term upward movement of the RMB will increase, but the probability of breaking through 7.0 in the short term is relatively small [32][35]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Quantity, Price, and Policy Signals Quantity and Price Observation - The implied volatility curve of the 3-month USD/CNY option shows an appreciation trend of the RMB, with the volatility on the Put side higher than that on the Call side [4]. - The term structure shows the changes in the new exchange USD/CNY futures premium/discount, bank forward premium/discount, and Sino-US interest rate differentials in different time periods [7]. Policy Observation - The adjustment direction of the counter-cyclical factor has returned to above 0% from negative. The 3-month CNH HIBOR - SHIBOR spread fluctuates [9]. Fundamentals and Views Macro - Interest Rate Cuts and Liquidity - There is a divergence in the pricing of interest rate cuts between the US and Europe. The TGA account balance was 908.5 billion on December 3rd (remaining at a high level), and the reserve balance of depository institutions in October was 2.94 trillion (-123.4 billion). The pace of interest rate cuts by non-US central banks has generally slowed down, and some have shifted to expectations of interest rate hikes [16]. Macro - Federal Reserve Voting Seats - Stephen Milan holds a temporary seat, and the candidate for the Federal Reserve Chairman will be determined before Christmas on December 25th. Raphael Bostic will retire early in February 2026, and the candidate is yet to be determined. The Supreme Court will rule in January 2026 on whether Trump has the right to dismiss Lisa Cook. The Federal Reserve passed the December interest rate decision with a 9:3 vote, cutting the federal funds rate by 25 bp to 3.50% - 3.75% [18]. Macro - Federal Reserve Chairman Candidates - The core competition is between Christopher Waller and Kevin Hassett. Currently, market probabilities show that Hassett is leading, but Trump highly trusts Raphael Bostic. If Waller wins, it may trigger a reversal trade of "the Federal Reserve losing its independence," which is positive for overall US dollar assets and negative for gold, and the market may reduce expectations for interest rate cuts next year. If Hassett wins, it is expected to trigger the market's "muscle memory" of "the Federal Reserve losing its independence," which is negative for overall US dollar assets and positive for gold, and the market may raise expectations for interest rate cuts next year [20]. Core Charts - US Economy - The government has reopened, and attention should be paid to the impact on the economy during the shutdown period. In November, the ADP employment data exceeded expectations, inflation data is awaited, and the economic outlook has been revised upwards. The PMI has declined slightly, and real estate sales in October increased slightly [22]. Economy - US November PMI - In the manufacturing sector, new orders, employment, and delivery made negative contributions, while prices and output made positive contributions. In the service sector, prices made a positive contribution, while employment and imports made negative contributions [23]. Macro - Chinese Economy - There is a structural differentiation in the economy. Exports and imports rebounded in November. The reduction in working days in October dragged down the data for that month, and there is an expected slight rebound in November. The December Politburo meeting shows a swing in policy expectations [26]. Macro - November Export Rebound - The characteristics of re - exports continue. Exports to the US decreased by 28.58% (previous value: -25.17%), while exports to ASEAN, India, and South Africa were 8.17%, 7.97%, and 5.4% respectively (previous values: 10.96%, 14.3%, and 23.3% respectively). Most sub - items declined, but rare earths, electromechanical products, and automobiles still showed resilience. The market has a consistent optimistic expectation for exports, and attention should be paid to the impact risk if there is an unexpected downward revision [28]. 12 - month Politburo's Task Deployment for 2026 - There are changes in the task deployment for 2026 compared to 2025, including adjustments in the focus on domestic demand, science and technology/industry, reform, opening - up, risk prevention, and other aspects [30]. Comparison of Politburo Meetings - There are differences in the judgment of the economic situation, overall economic work requirements, macro - policy tones, consumption and investment, risk prevention focuses, and other aspects between the July 30, 2025 Politburo meeting and the December 8, 2025 Politburo meeting [31]. Macro - 2026 Scenario Deduction - Throughout 2026, there are important time points such as the determination of the Federal Reserve Chairman candidate, OPEC and FOMC meetings, the release of the government work report, the National People's Congress, the expiration of Powell's term, and the US mid - term elections, which will have an impact on the economy and policies [38].