利率债周报：利率曲线平坦化下行-20251215

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - Currently, it's difficult to say that the bond market has returned to fundamental pricing. Policy expectations, asset price - to - value ratios, and institutional behavior may still be the dominant factors. However, in the long run, the influence of fundamentals on bond market pricing is expected to increase in 2026, with price signals being the key [25]. - After the clarification of the Central Economic Work Conference content, the bond market within the year will revolve around the equity market and institutional behavior, and is expected to be mainly volatile. The direction of the volatility is affected by the stock - bond seesaw effect. If the sentiment in the equity market warms up, the yield curve may steepen and rise. It's not advisable to overly expect a front - running market [26]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Important Event点评 - Import and Export Data: In November 2025, in US dollars, China's exports increased by 5.9% year - on - year, and imports increased by 1.9% year - on - year, with a trade surplus of $111.676 billion. The year - on - year export growth rebounded, and the influence of non - US regions continued to expand. Looking ahead, trade uncertainty has further eased, but the year - on - year export growth in December may decline slightly due to the higher base [9]. - Inflation Data: In November 2025, CPI increased by 0.7% year - on - year, and PPI decreased by 2.2% year - on - year. The month - on - month decline in CPI was mainly affected by the seasonal cooling of the travel chain and the decline in energy prices; PPI continued to rise slightly month - on - month, mainly driven by the increased winter demand in industries such as coal and gas. It's expected that the month - on - month CPI growth rate in December will be around 0%, and PPI will continue to rise slightly month - on - month [10][11]. 3.2 Funding Price - Overnight funding rates dropped to 1.28%. During the statistical period, the central bank's open - market operations had a net withdrawal of 137.5 billion yuan. DR001 and DR007 remained at low levels, and certificate of deposit yields were basically flat. Since December, certificate of deposit yields have increased significantly due to the large maturity scale and high roll - over pressure on banks [12]. 3.3 Primary Market - The 2025 national debt issuance plan is about to be completed. During the statistical period, 96 interest - rate bonds were issued, with an actual issuance volume of 454.2 billion yuan and a net financing amount of 68 billion yuan. On December 12, the last two national debts in the 2025 issuance plan will be issued, indicating that the supply of government bonds in 2025 is approaching the end [15]. 3.4 Secondary Market - The yield curve flattened and repaired. During the statistical period, the bond market showed a repair market, with ultra - long bonds rebounding from oversold conditions, mainly driven by news of relaxed ΔEVE restrictions and sentiment. After the release of the content of the two important meetings, bond yields accelerated their decline at the end of the trading day, but the interest rates turned upward the next day. The key to the subsequent impact on the bond market lies in the intensity and scale of policy implementation [16][17]. 3.5 Market Outlook - Fundamentals: Currently, it's hard to say that the bond market has returned to fundamental pricing, but in 2026, the influence of fundamentals on bond market pricing is expected to increase [25]. - Policy: The Central Economic Work Conference continued to set the tone of a "more proactive" fiscal policy, emphasizing the need to "maintain the necessary fiscal deficit, total debt, and total expenditure." The tone of monetary policy remained "moderately loose," with a greater emphasis on its role in stabilizing prices. It's expected that the timing of reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts in 2026 may be earlier [25]. - Funding: Positive factors include the central bank's open - market operation support, increased fiscal spending, and decreased government bond supply. Risk factors are the high roll - over pressure on bank inter - bank certificates of deposit. It's expected that DR007 will continue to fluctuate at a low level, and inter - bank certificate of deposit yields will remain flat or rise slightly [25]. - Investment Suggestion: One can moderately grasp the spreads between China Development Bank bonds and national debts with maturities of 7 years and below, the spreads between Export - Import Bank of China bonds and national debts with a 3 - year maturity, and the term spreads of national debts (5Y - 3Y) [26].