Report Summary 1. Report's Industry Investment Rating No information provided. 2. Core Viewpoints - In 2025, the Shanghai tin price fluctuated widely from January to October and reached a three - and - a - half - year high at the end of the year, with an annual increase of about 30%. The year - end rally was driven by the triple factors of supply contraction, loose macro - expectations, and the expected explosion of emerging demand. The global tin supply is tight, while the demand in the new energy and semiconductor industries is growing. The price of tin futures is expected to maintain an upward trend in the long term, with support levels around 260,000 - 280,000 yuan/ton [7]. - The global demand growth rate is expected to be around 3%. The profit will remain low due to tight supply at the mine end and weak processing fees. The LME and SHFE inventories showed a downward trend throughout the year [7]. 3. Summary by Directory Annual Viewpoint and Strategy - Market: The Shanghai tin price fluctuated widely from January to October and hit a three - and - a - half - year high at the end of the year, up about 30% year - on - year. The year - end rally was driven by supply contraction, loose macro - expectations, and the expected explosion of emerging demand. In the early part of the year, the price fluctuated widely due to supply disruptions and repeated trade disputes. In the second half of the year, the resumption of tin ore production in the Wa State of Myanmar was significantly slower than expected, and Indonesia's crackdown on illegal mining and the armed conflict in the Bisie tin mine in the DRC further exacerbated the supply shortage. The probability of the Fed cutting interest rates by 25 basis points in December soared to 89.2%, and the semiconductor industry's prosperity continued to recover [7]. - Supply: From January to October, the cumulative output of refined tin was 143,000 tons, a year - on - year decrease of 1.25%. It is predicted that the global refined tin output in 2025 will be about 373,000 tons, only a 1.36% increase from 368,000 tons in 2024, with the growth rate significantly lower than the demand growth rate [7]. - Demand: From January to October 2025, the cumulative solar energy production was 688.403 million kilowatts, a year - on - year increase of 11.6%; the cumulative integrated circuit production was 386.6 million units, a year - on - year increase of 10.2%; the cumulative automobile production in China was 27.325 million units, a year - on - year increase of 11%. The domestic economy is resilient, and policies continue to support emerging industries. The prosperity of the new energy and semiconductor industries continues to improve. The global demand growth rate is expected to be around 3% [7]. - Cost and Profit: The supply at the mine end remains tight, and processing fees continue to decline weakly. Overall, profits will remain low [7]. - Inventory: The LME and SHFE inventories showed a downward trend throughout the year [7]. - Outlook: Photovoltaic, new energy vehicles, and the semiconductor industry will support marginal demand in the long term. Mine - end disruptions occur from time to time, disturbing the supply of tin, and the futures price shows high elasticity [7]. - Strategy: Due to insufficient supply, the domestic economy remains resilient, and the prosperity of the semiconductor and automobile industries generally maintains an upward trend. There are still expectations of interest rate cuts overseas, and the mine end is subject to repeated disruptions. In operation, the long - term upward trend logic remains unchanged, with reference support levels around 260,000 - 280,000 yuan/ton. Later, focus on the implementation of macro - measures, the disturbances of Myanmar and Congo mines, the export speed of Indonesia, and the verification of consumption data [7]. Macroeconomic Situation - GDP: China's full - year growth target in 2025 is about 5%, and it is expected to be around 4.6% in the fourth quarter. The annualized quarterly growth rate of the US GDP in the third quarter of 2025 was 3.9%, mainly supported by consumption and AI - related investments. The market generally expects the full - year actual GDP growth rate to be in the range of 2.0% - 2.6% [13]. - PMI: In November 2025, China's manufacturing PMI was 49.2%, remaining below the boom - bust line for eight consecutive months with a slight month - on - month recovery. The US ISM manufacturing PMI was 48.6, remaining in the contraction range for 14 consecutive months [17]. - Monetary Policy: After the 1 - year and over - 5 - year LPRs were cut by 10 basis points on May 20, 2025, the LPRs have remained unchanged for 6 consecutive months (1 - year LPR: 3.00%; over - 5 - year LPR: 3.50%). China will continue to implement a moderately loose monetary policy. On December 10, 2025, the Fed cut interest rates by 25 basis points, lowering the federal funds rate target range to 3.50% - 3.75% [21]. Technical Analysis Before November, the price fluctuated widely and then broke through. Overall, it showed a bullish trend [29]. Industry Chain and Spot - Futures Market - Spot - Futures Market: In 2025, the Shanghai tin price fluctuated widely from January to October and reached a three - and - a - half - year high at the end of the year, up about 30% year - on - year. The year - end rally was driven by the triple factors of supply contraction, loose macro - expectations, and the expected explosion of emerging demand. The basis remained basically stable [40]. Inventory - As of December 5, 2025, the SHFE inventory was 6,683 tons, showing a downward trend throughout the year; the LME total inventory was 3,075 tons, also showing a downward trend throughout the year. The refined tin social inventory was 8,653 tons, with a slight year - on - year increase [49][53]. Cost and Profit As of December 5, 2025, the processing fee for refined tin ore in Yunnan was 11,000 yuan/ton, and in Guangxi it was 7,000 yuan/ton. The processing fees continued to be weak [59]. Supply - Production: In October 2025, the output of refined tin was 15,618 tons, returning to normal supply. From January to October, the cumulative output was 143,000 tons, a year - on - year decrease of 1.25%. The domestic tin ore output in September was 6,263.28 tons, with a slight month - on - month decrease. From January to October, the cumulative output was 56,500 tons, a year - on - year increase of 1.8% [66]. - Capacity Utilization: In October 2025, the capacity utilization rate of tin enterprises was about 67.05%, returning to normal [71]. - Overseas Mines: The tin ore production of PT Timah in Indonesia decreased by 19.8% year - on - year, and the annual output and export were at a near - four - year low. The Bisie tin mine in the DRC was disturbed in March and November. The resumption of tin ore production in the Wa State of Myanmar was slow, and Yunnan Tin Group in China carried out maintenance [74]. Demand - Automobile and Electronics: In October 2025, China's automobile production was 3.279 million units, a year - on - year increase of 11.2%. From January to October, the cumulative production was 27.325 million units, a year - on - year increase of 11%. The production of electronic computers in October was 2.5633 million units, a year - on - year decrease of 14.6%. From January to October, the cumulative production was 28.7502 million units, a year - on - year decrease of 1.2%. In the first 10 months of 2025, the production of new energy vehicles in China was 13.015 million units, a year - on - year increase of 33.1%. The penetration rate of new energy vehicles in October and November exceeded 50% and 60% respectively [79]. - Terminal Consumption: In November 2025, China's PVC production was 2.1281 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 9.6%. From January to November, the cumulative production was 22.3238 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 4.38%. In October, the production of mobile electronic communications was 14.2735 million units, a year - on - year decrease of 4.2%. From January to October, the cumulative production was 125.1342 million units, a year - on - year decrease of 4.7%. In October 2025, the production of air conditioners was 1.4204 million units, a year - on - year decrease of 13.5%. From January to October, the cumulative production was 23.0344 million units, a year - on - year increase of 3%. The refrigerator production in October was 878,800 units, a year - on - year decrease of 6%. From January to October, the cumulative production was 8.9959 million units, a year - on - year increase of 0.9%. In October 2025, the production of washing machines was 1.1035 million units, a year - on - year decrease of 2%. From January to October, the cumulative production was 10.1078 million units, a year - on - year increase of 6.4%. The production of color televisions in October was 1.804 million units, a year - on - year increase of 1.7%. From January to October, the cumulative production was 16.6176 million units, a year - on - year decrease of 2.3%. In October 2025, the production of solar cells was 6.7938 million kilowatts, a year - on - year decrease of 8.7%. From January to October, the cumulative production was 688.403 million kilowatts, a year - on - year increase of 11.6%. The production of integrated circuits in October was 41.77 million units, a year - on - year increase of 17.7%. From January to October, the cumulative production was 386.6 million units, a year - on - year increase of 10.2% [85][90][94][100]. Import and Export In October 2025, China imported 11,600 tons of tin ore, 526 tons of tin ingots, and exported 1,480 tons of refined tin. In the first 10 months of 2025, China imported a total of 262,000 tons of tin concentrate in physical quantity, equivalent to 43,000 tons of metal, a year - on - year decrease of 0.3%. The cumulative net export of refined tin from January to October was 1,546 tons [106]. Tin Balance Sheet The global tin supply is expected to be 359,500 tons in 2025E and 379,700 tons in 2026E, while the global demand is expected to be 380,000 tons in 2025E and 390,200 tons in 2026E, with supply - demand gaps of 20,500 tons and 10,500 tons respectively [107].
华联期货锡年报：需求长期支撑，供给扰动节奏
Hua Lian Qi Huo·2025-12-15 11:13