资金观察，货币瞭望：跨年资金需求季节性抬升，预计12月市场利率上行

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Overseas currency market: The Fed cut interest rates by 25BP as expected, and short - term US Treasury yields declined [4][10]. - Domestic currency market in November: Repo rates in the inter - bank and exchange markets had small fluctuations, with R001, GC001, R007, and GC007 monthly averages changing by 4BP, 0BP, 0BP, and - 1BP respectively; most 1 - year short - bond yields declined; exchange overnight trading volume and proportion decreased, while inter - bank trading volume and proportion increased; the year - on - year monthly average of bond balances to be repurchased in both markets increased; estimated excess deposit reserve ratios for November and December were 1.1% and 1.6% respectively [4]. - Outlook for December: Seasonal increase in year - end fund demand is expected to drive up market interest rates [4][6][9][15][69]. Summary by Directory Overseas Key Currency Market Indicator Changes Tracking - The Fed cut interest rates by 25BP in December, and the 3 - month US Treasury yield dropped to around 3.6%. Since November, the US federal funds rate and SOFR rate have remained stable [10]. Domestic Key Currency Market Indicator Changes Tracking Price Indicators - The central bank maintained a balanced and loose fund environment in November. Repo rate averages in the inter - bank and exchange markets had small fluctuations. R001, GC001, R007, and GC007 monthly averages changed by 4BP, 0BP, 0BP, and - 1BP respectively, reaching 1.43%, 1.42%, 1.50%, and 1.50%. Most 1 - year short - bond yields declined [20]. - In the inter - bank market, the R001 monthly average rose, and the R007 fluctuation range narrowed. The money market weighted average rate fluctuated around the 7 - day reverse repo rate [21]. - DR001 and DR007 monthly averages rose slightly, with 1 - day and 7 - day spreads changing by 1BP and - 1BP respectively [26]. - Exchange repo rate averages mostly declined, and the 1 - day and 7 - day spreads between inter - bank and exchange rates changed by - 4BP and - 1BP respectively [31]. - The 1 - year high - grade inter - bank certificate of deposit (ICD) rate dropped by 3BP, and the low - grade ICD rate dropped by 2BP. The spread between the 1 - year high - grade ICD rate and the 7 - day reverse repo rate widened slightly [37]. - Most 1 - year short - bond interest rate monthly averages declined, and the spread between the 1 - year AAA short - term financing bill and Treasury bond interest rates remained unchanged [42]. - The Yu'E Bao yield was 1.02% in November, and the average return of the top ten money funds continued to decline. The 7 - day average annualized yields of Yu'E Bao and the top ten money funds changed by - 3BP and - 1BP respectively [47]. Quantity Indicators - In November, the exchange overnight trading volume and proportion decreased, while the inter - bank trading volume and proportion increased. The average daily trading volume of R001 in the inter - bank market was 7.45 trillion, accounting for 88.5%, and the trading volume and proportion of GC001 in the exchange market were 2.00 trillion and 87.5% respectively [51]. - M0 increased seasonally in November, and the excess deposit reserve ratio declined slightly. After comprehensive consideration of five channels, the estimated excess deposit reserve ratio for November was 1.1% [55]. - The year - on - year monthly average of bond balances to be repurchased in the inter - bank and exchange markets increased. The inter - bank and exchange repo rate volatility indices rose [59][64]. Fund Outlook Five - Channel Forecast - M0: It increased by 189.1 billion in November, and is expected to increase by 350 billion in December [71]. - Required deposit reserves: Financial institution RMB deposits increased seasonally by 1.41 trillion in November, less than the same period last year. With the Spring Festival in February next year, deposits are expected to decrease by 1 trillion in December, leading to a 62 - billion decrease in required deposit reserves [75]. - Fiscal deposits: Fiscal deposits decreased by 46.6 billion in November due to increased year - end government spending and large net government bond financing. They are expected to decrease by 60 billion in December [78]. - Foreign exchange funds: The Fed cut interest rates by 25BP in December, causing the RMB to appreciate against the US dollar. Foreign exchange funds are expected to decrease by 5 billion in December [83]. - Open market operations: The central bank maintained a balanced and loose fund environment in November through open market operations,买断式逆回购, and Treasury bond trading. As of now in December, it has conducted 1.6 trillion in买断式逆回购 operations, achieving a net injection of 200 billion, and is expected to have a net injection of 50 billion for the whole month. After comprehensive consideration of the five - channel changes, the estimated excess deposit reserve ratio for December is 1.6% [91]. Main Conclusion - Due to the seasonal increase in year - end fund demand, market interest rates are expected to rise in December. The central bank has continued to increase the volume of reverse repo operations. The economic work conference in December confirmed a moderately loose monetary policy for next year. With a large amount of ICDs maturing in December and seasonal behavior of institutions at the end of the year, there is seasonal pressure on the fund market [98].