生猪：产能调整、节奏博弈与周期拐点

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - The investment rating for the hog industry is "Oscillating" [1] 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In 2025, the hog market evolved from "counter - cyclical inventory accumulation" to "policy - driven inventory reduction" under the backdrop of absolute over - capacity. Despite efficiency improvements and lower feed costs, the industry entered a phase of substantial capacity reduction due to continuous policy guidance and deep losses [2][13] - In 2026, the market will show a clear pattern of "near - term weakness and long - term strength". It is recommended to adopt a reverse spread strategy as the base allocation for the whole year to capture the price difference between reality and expectations [3] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 2025: Waiting for the Bottom to Come - Q1: A "structural bottom" supported by expectations. The pre - Spring Festival concentrated slaughter led to a short - term supply shortage after the festival. The high fat - to - standard price spread strengthened the industry's reluctance to sell, delaying capacity clearance [14] - Q2: An "oscillating bottom - grinding" in sentiment games. After May Day, pig prices declined. The rebound after the Dragon Boat Festival lacked fundamental support, and the market returned to an oscillating pattern [15] - Q3: A "re - construction of far - month contracts" driven by policies. The industry symposium in July signaled "anti - involution" and "capacity and inventory reduction", shifting the trading logic to "strong expectations" and establishing a reverse spread structure [15] - Q4: A "cost breakdown" after returning to reality. After the National Day, pig prices fell sharply, breaking through the cash cost line. The market focused on the substantial reduction of sow inventory and potential winter epidemic risks [16] 3.2 Market Pattern Re - shaping and the Capacity Reduction Cycle 3.2.1 Vertical Intensification of the Industry - The hog industry has entered a new stage of structural differentiation and intensive upgrading. By October 2025, large - scale enterprises dominated the industry, with listed companies and large breeding groups controlling 43.1% of the sow inventory. The industry's overall ability has improved, but price and capacity adjustments have become more sensitive [20] - Regionally, different patterns have emerged: South China is highly intensive, Northeast China has a dual - structure, and Central China is more balanced. The inter - regional price difference has become more stable, and the futures delivery area has been expanded, strengthening the linkage between futures and spot markets [23][24] 3.2.2 Cycle Development Path: Policy and Market - Driven Capacity Reduction - Downward inflection point delay: Thanks to cost optimization, the downward inflection point of this cycle was postponed. The industry's profit was maintained until September 2025 when the industry entered a full - scale loss phase due to inventory pressure and spot price drops [30] - Total over - supply: The large inventory and high出栏 volume in 2025 were due to the increase in sow capacity last year. The supply pressure was significant, and many listed companies were close to or had exceeded their annual出栏 targets [43][47] - Capacity loosening: Since 2025, the sow inventory has gone through four stages. Multiple data sources confirm that the industry entered a new capacity adjustment phase in the third quarter, but the reduction is still mild, and the supply is expected to remain loose until the end of Q1 2026 [52][67] 3.3 Peak出栏, Speculation Support, and Consumption 3.3.1 Piglets: Leading Indicator for出栏 Forecast - Piglets are a key indicator for predicting hog出栏. In 2025, piglet supply increased steadily, and the industry's efficiency improvement contributed to the increase in piglet births. Based on the piglet - to - hog conversion cycle, the出栏 is expected to peak in Q1 2026 and may improve in Q2 [69][70] 3.3.2 Elasticity and Support from Speculation - Breeding speculation: The inventory adjustment through breeding speculation affects the存栏 structure. In 2025, the industry showed long - term optimization and short - term fluctuations in the weight distribution of hogs. In 2026, post - Spring Festival low - price pressure and secondary fattening may support prices [78][80] - Frozen product inventory: In 2025, the frozen product inventory rate first decreased and then increased. In 2026, if there is a price reversal expectation in the second half of the year, the slaughter end may increase inventory in the first half, supporting post - Spring Festival spot prices [93][94] 3.3.3 Limited Boost from Curing Demand - Although the slaughter volume increased year - on - year, the curing demand at the end of the year had limited impact on prices. The reasons include the long - term consumption structure optimization and the postponed Spring Festival in 2026 [98] 3.3.4 Feed Data Confirmation - Feed data can confirm the hog存栏 structure. As of November, the feed sales data from different institutions showed that the feed consumption related to capacity had decreased marginally, while the fattening feed was still increasing, indicating a significant存栏 pressure [100][101] 3.4 Outlook and Investment Suggestions 3.4.1 Summary of Views - The continuous increase in sow inventory in 2024 led to an expansion of hog出栏 in 2025 and a price decline. However, factors such as lower feed costs, speculative behavior, and improved production efficiency deviated from the early market expectations. The industry may see a new upward inflection point in pig prices around Q2 2026, but the cycle evolution is complex [110][111] 3.4.2 Strategies - Short - term (end of the year to pre - Spring Festival): Seize the band - trading opportunities in the oscillating market. Use an interval - oscillating strategy, and consider short - term long positions when the market is pessimistic and short positions when prices reach key resistance levels. The support level for LH2603 is 11,000 yuan/ton, and the resistance level is 11,800 - 12,000 yuan/ton [112] - Medium - term (post - Spring Festival to Q1 2026): Adopt a bearish strategy and focus on the release of supply pressure. Short positions can be added on price rebounds, but beware of potential rebounds. Pay attention to short - selling opportunities when LH2603 approaches 11,800 - 12,000 yuan/ton and LH2605 returns to 12,500 - 13,000 yuan/ton [113][114] - Long - term (from Q2 2026): Observe on the left - hand side and prepare for the cycle reversal. Shift the strategy from "short - selling" to "finding the inflection point". When the fundamental signals are confirmed, gradually build long positions in far - month contracts at the support level of 12,500 - 13,000 yuan/ton. Use a flexible reverse spread strategy for arbitrage [115]