生物多样性金融图谱：解锁自然财富，重塑增长价值

Investment Rating - The report indicates a positive investment outlook for biodiversity finance, highlighting the emergence of various investment products and strategies aimed at addressing biodiversity risks and opportunities [4][6]. Core Insights - The global biodiversity finance sector is entering a critical phase of standardization, with the TNFD framework becoming a recognized benchmark for natural risk management, involving 733 institutions and managing over $22 trillion in assets by 2025 [4]. - Biodiversity loss poses significant risks to macroeconomic stability, with over 50% of global GDP highly dependent on natural services, and the degradation of ecosystems leading to potential sovereign rating downgrades and increased debt burdens [9][16]. - The report emphasizes the need for investors to integrate biodiversity risks into their risk management frameworks and to utilize tools like ENCORE and IBAT for portfolio risk assessments [4][6]. Summary by Sections 1. Global Biodiversity Risks - Biodiversity is a core element of natural ecosystems, essential for economic and social systems, with over 58 trillion USD of global GDP reliant on natural services [9]. - The Earth’s Vitality Index has declined by 73% since 1970, indicating a severe biodiversity loss crisis that requires urgent attention [10][14]. 2. Global Governance of Biodiversity - The governance framework for biodiversity is evolving, with the COP meetings serving as a central mechanism for international cooperation, culminating in the "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework" [26][27]. - The report outlines the need for enhanced funding mechanisms and the establishment of a common classification system to facilitate biodiversity finance [6][27]. 3. Biodiversity Finance Policy Frameworks - Major regions, including the EU, UK, and China, are developing comprehensive policy frameworks to enhance biodiversity investment, with specific regulations and strategies aimed at increasing funding [6][25]. - The report highlights the importance of transparency and regulatory frameworks in promoting biodiversity finance [6][25]. 4. Current State of Biodiversity Finance - The report notes the initial development of biodiversity investment tools, with a focus on natural-related bonds and equity investments led by international asset management firms [4][6]. - The TNFD framework is evolving to enhance global standardization in biodiversity-related disclosures [4][6]. 5. Investment Strategies - Investors are encouraged to recognize and incorporate biodiversity risks into their investment strategies, focusing on projects with stable profit mechanisms and avoiding high-risk biodiversity loss targets [4][6].