航空机场2025年12月数据点评：国内线表现明显优于24年，国际线供给略有过剩

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Positive" for the transportation sector, indicating an expectation of performance that exceeds the market benchmark by more than 5% [6]. Core Insights - Domestic routes show significant improvement compared to 2024, with a 4.2% year-on-year increase in capacity and a 2.4 percentage point increase in passenger load factor [2][34]. - International routes are experiencing a short-term oversupply, with a 12.8% year-on-year increase in capacity but only a 1.0 percentage point increase in load factor, indicating weaker-than-expected demand [3][52]. - The cancellation of Japanese flights has a more pronounced impact on airports than on airlines, as airport revenues are closely tied to passenger volume and flight operations [4][66]. - The introduction of the "Self-Discipline Convention for Air Passenger Transport" in August 2025 is seen as a foundational step towards reducing market competition pressures and improving profitability in the industry [5]. Summary by Sections Domestic Routes - In December 2025, listed companies increased domestic route capacity by approximately 4.2% year-on-year and 1.9% month-on-month, reflecting a gradual recovery in supply-demand dynamics compared to the previous year [2][14]. - The overall passenger load factor for domestic routes improved by about 2.4 percentage points year-on-year, although it saw a seasonal decline of 1.0 percentage point compared to November [34][41]. International Routes - For international routes, capacity increased by approximately 12.8% year-on-year and 9.3% month-on-month in December 2025, but the load factor only increased by 1.0 percentage point year-on-year, with a significant month-on-month decline of 3.1 percentage points [3][52]. - The low year-on-year increase in load factor is attributed to a low base in 2024, and the demand for international routes is not meeting expectations, leading to oversupply [12][57]. Airport Sector - Major airports such as Shanghai, Beijing, Baiyun, and Shenzhen saw international passenger throughput growth of 4%, 9%, 22%, and 9% respectively in December, but the growth rates were significantly lower than in November due to the cancellation of Japanese flights [4][66]. - The impact of flight cancellations on airport revenues is more significant than on airlines, as airport income is based on passenger volume and flight operations [4][66].