申万金工因子观察第1期20260125：为何2026年以来中证500指数难以战胜？

1. Report Industry Investment Rating Not provided in the content 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Since 2026, the CSI 500 Index has performed prominently among major broad - based indices, breaking the historical monotonicity of performance based on market - value factors. Whether this phenomenon will continue requires further observation. The concentration of hot industries and a small number of stocks contributing a large portion of the index's gains have made it difficult to outperform the index. Also, factor inefficiencies, especially the reversal of price - volume factors, have led to the underperformance of index - enhancement products and quantitative strategies [1][4]. - The current market situation is an extreme case in factor performance. Although no single factor has reached its historical worst, the combined performance of multiple factors is the worst in history. However, based on historical experience, factor logic will return as market volatility decreases, usually within two months [1][40]. - Looking ahead, the situation of factor inefficiency or reversal is not expected to last long, so major model adjustments are not advisable at present. In the long run, a detailed risk - control framework for CSI 500 index enhancement should be established, and the construction of price - volume factors should be optimized [1][70]. 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 3.1 2026 Year - to - Date CSI 500 Index Performance Highlights - As of January 23, 2026, the CSI 500 Index has risen 15.06%, outperforming the SSE 300, CSI 1000, and CSI 2000 indices during the same period, breaking the historical monotonicity of broad - based index performance related to market - value factors [4]. - The index's strong performance is due to its concentration in sectors that have performed well in 2026, such as electronics, non - ferrous metals, and national defense and military industries. A small number of stocks have contributed significantly to the index's gains; the top 5 stocks contributed 1.47% of the increase, and the top 40 stocks contributed nearly half of the increase [7][11]. 3.2 Factor Perspective: Why Is It Difficult to Outperform the CSI 500 Index? 3.2.1 Index - Enhancement Funds Collectively Underperform the Index - All CSI 500 index - enhancement funds have underperformed the CSI 500 Index in 2026, with an average underperformance of 2.5%. The best - performing product underperformed by 0.12%, and the worst by 7.93%. Active quantitative quasi - index - enhancement products were more affected, with an average underperformance of 3.91%, the best - performing product underperforming by 2.07%, and the worst by 7.61% [13][15]. 3.2.2 Factor Changes within the CSI 500 Index - Since 2017, the market - value factors in the SSE 300, CSI 500, and CSI 1000 indices have shown continuous reversal and decline. The market - value factor in the CSI 1000 index rebounded strongly in 2021, while those in the CSI 500 and SSE 300 indices only had a weak rebound [16]. - In 2026, many factors in the CSI 500 Index showed significant anomalies. Fundamental factors such as profitability, dividend yield, and valuation were negative, and price - volume factors such as liquidity, reversal, market value, and volatility not only reversed but also had larger IC values. The short - term rapid market rise and overheated market led to the continued rise of theme stocks with fast short - term gains, high turnover, and high volatility, causing the reversal and ineffectiveness of price - volume factors [19][20]. - The long - term winning rates of factors such as valuation, momentum, reversal, market value, and liquidity are poor, around 50% or lower. In 2026, there was a concentrated reversal of price - volume factors, and the low - volatility factor, which had a high long - term winning rate, also reversed in January 2026 [26]. - The changes in the four price - volume factors (market value, reversal, low liquidity, and low volatility) generally started in the third quarter of 2025, gradually flattening or reversing. The top - performing stocks in 2026 generally ranked low in these price - volume factors, making it difficult for traditional multi - factor frameworks to select them [35]. 3.3 Historical Similar Situations Review and Future Outlook 3.3.1 The Current Market Is an Extreme Case in Factor Performance - In January 2026, no single factor reached its historical worst IC value. However, the combined performance of the four price - volume factors was the worst in history, and when considering all nine factors, it was the second - worst, only after June 2022 [39][40]. 3.3.2 Historical Similar Situations of the CSI 500 and Subsequent Developments - Similar extreme situations in factor performance have occurred in June 2018, August 2025, etc. Market fluctuations are an important factor affecting factor effectiveness. When the market fluctuates significantly, factors are likely to become ineffective, and when the market stabilizes, factor logic tends to return. Historical experience shows that factor inefficiency usually does not last more than two months [42][69]. 3.3.3 Future Outlook - The situation of factor inefficiency or reversal is not expected to last long, so major model adjustments are not recommended at present. - In the long run, a detailed risk - control framework for CSI 500 index enhancement should be established, including differential constraints on individual stocks with different excess - volatility characteristics and industry - constraint frameworks based on industry - scoring models. - The construction of price - volume factors should be optimized to improve their winning rates and reduce non - linear characteristics [70][71].