2026年2月豆类月报：供应宽松基调确立结构转换下的市场博弈-20260130

1. Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided regarding the report industry investment rating in the given content. 2. Core Views of the Report International - The US soybean market's supply - demand pattern has shifted to a loose state under the influence of the unexpectedly bearish USDA January supply - demand report. Although the strong domestic crushing demand provides some support for prices, it cannot offset the weak external demand. The expected high - yield in South America continues to suppress market sentiment, with the increased production forecast in Brazil setting the tone for global supply abundance. The continuous drought in the Argentine production area adds weather premium and is the main uncertain factor. Overall, the US soybean market faces double pressure from inventory accumulation in the US and intensified competition from South America, limiting the price rebound space [4][96]. Domestic - The domestic soybean market shows characteristics of loose external and stable internal conditions. The spot price of imported soybeans is stable, while the price of domestic soybeans rises supported by supply and demand. The overall market supply is abundant. The previous commitment to concentrated procurement of US soybeans has been mostly fulfilled, and future procurement will focus on South American new crops with more price advantages. The operating rate of domestic oil mills peaks driven by pre - Spring Festival stocking, but the crushing profit is severely squeezed. High upstream costs and high downstream inventories jointly restrict the industry's profit space. As the Spring Festival stocking demand nears the end, the boosting effect on soybean meal consumption weakens, and inventory reduction is slow. The domestic soybean market is supported by festival stocking in the short term, but will face multiple challenges in the medium term, such as the concentrated arrival of low - priced South American soybeans, high domestic inventories, and weak downstream breeding demand. After the stocking market, the logic of loose supply will dominate the market again [4][96]. 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 1. Market Review 1.1 Soybean Spot Prices Fluctuate Differently - At the end of January 2026, the spot price of imported second - grade soybeans in Zhangjiagang was 3,920 yuan/ton, a slight decrease of 30 yuan compared to the end of December 2025. The spot price of domestic third - grade soybeans in the Nenjiang area of the Heilongjiang soybean production area was 4,060 yuan/ton, a month - on - month increase of 170 yuan [10]. 1.2 Bean Futures Prices: Raw Materials Stronger than Finished Products - Since January 2026, the price center of bean No. 1 futures has generally risen, from 4,240 yuan/ton to around 4,370 yuan/ton, with spot and futures prices rising in tandem. The price of bean No. 2 futures fluctuated strongly. After three consecutive weeks of consolidation, it broke upwards. Since the spot price remained strong during the same period, the basis of bean No. 2 remained at a relatively high level. The price of soybean meal futures was mainly in consolidation, following the pace of US soybean futures but overall weaker than US soybeans, mainly due to the relatively loose domestic supply [12]. 2. The USDA Report is Unexpectedly Bearish, and South American Weather Topics Continue to Simmer 2.1 US Soybean Data is Unexpectedly Bearish; Strong Domestic Demand Cannot Offset Weak Exports - The USDA's January supply - demand report on January 12, 2026, significantly revised the US soybean data, with core adjustments including increased production, decreased exports, and increased inventory. The US soybean production in the 2025/26 season was unexpectedly raised to 4.262 billion bushels, an increase of 9 million bushels from the December report. The increase was mainly due to the increase in the harvested area from 80.3 million acres to 80.4 million acres. The domestic crushing demand was strong, with the estimated domestic crushing volume raised from 2.555 billion bushels to 2.570 billion bushels. However, the export demand shrank significantly, with the export volume estimate cut by 60 million bushels from 1.635 billion bushels to 1.575 billion bushels. The ending inventory of US soybeans in the 2025/26 season soared from 290 million bushels to 350 million bushels, reaching a six - year high. The farm - level annual average price estimate for US soybeans in the 2025/26 season was lowered from $10.50 per bushel to $10.20 per bushel [16][17]. 2.2 South American Production Area Weather Topics Simmer; High - Yield Expectations Face Adjustment - In January 2026, the weather in South American soybean production areas showed significant regional differentiation. In Brazil, although a record - high yield is expected, weather disturbances bring uncertainties to harvesting and later growth. In Argentina, continuous drought has caused substantial damage to crop growth, and the production forecast faces downward pressure. In Brazil, the southeast has heavy rain and the south has extreme heat. Heavy rain in the southeast and central - west core production areas has delayed the mechanical harvesting of early soybeans and squeezed the sowing window for second - crop corn. The high - temperature and dry weather in the south has threatened the growth of soybeans and corn. In Argentina, since December 2025, the core agricultural areas have suffered from continuous drought, leading to a sharp deterioration in soil moisture, affecting soybean growth, and causing a decline in the proportion of good - quality crops and suitable soil moisture [22][23][25]. 2.3 US Soybean Crushing Volume Remains High; Strong Domestic Demand is Still an Important Support - The NOPA's January monthly crushing data showed that the US soybean crushing volume in December reached the second - highest level in history, slightly higher than market expectations. The crushing volume in December was 224.994 million bushels, a 4.1% increase from November and an 8.9% increase from December 2024. The USDA's January supply - demand report predicted that the US soybean crushing volume in the 2025/26 season would be 2.570 billion bushels, higher than the December forecast and a 5.11% increase from the previous year. The high crushing volume is driven by multiple factors, including rigid domestic demand for soybean meal, biodiesel policies supporting soybean oil consumption, and indirect export market pull [26][28]. 2.4 The Peak US Soybean Export Period Ends; the Competition between North and South American Soybeans Begins - The US soybean export pattern is undergoing a profound structural adjustment. The total US soybean export volume is under pressure, with a significant reduction in the export volume estimate from 1.635 billion bushels to 1.575 billion bushels. This is due to the continuous and rapid expansion of South American production capacity and the strong domestic crushing demand in the US, which reduces the supply for export and weakens its international price competitiveness. China's purchase of 12 million tons of US soybeans has provided short - term support for US soybean exports, but after fulfilling the commitment, China will turn to South American new crops. The price competitiveness of US soybeans compared to South American soybeans will be a decisive factor in future exports [32][33]. 3. Domestic Soybean Supply is Abundant; Spring Festival Stocking Demand is Nearing the End 3.1 China Fulfills the US Soybean Purchase Commitment; Future Procurement Turns to South America - In January 2026, domestic imported soybean procurement has evolved into refined cost management and supply - chain balance under multiple constraints. Brazil has a dominant position in China's soybean imports. China has basically completed the concentrated procurement of US soybeans for the 2025/26 season, with the actual procurement approaching or exceeding 10 million tons, over 80% of the 12 - million - ton target. The focus is now shifting to South American new crops. The procurement decision is driven by profit accounting and inventory adjustment. The state reserve has been conducting soybean auctions since January, which has supplemented the immediate supply and strengthened the expectation of loose future supply, suppressing the purchasing enthusiasm of oil mills [46][47]. 3.2 Oil Mill Operating Rate Peaks before the Festival; Crushing Profit Space is Severely Squeezed - The domestic soybean crushing industry is in a game between strong reality and weak expectations. The crushing profit is severely squeezed. High import costs and limited downstream soybean meal price increases due to high inventory have led to poor profit conditions for oil mills. The operating rate of oil mills increased significantly in mid - to late January to meet the pre - Spring Festival stocking demand, but it is expected to decline after the stocking demand is released. The soybean meal market has a high inventory level with slow reduction and limited demand boost. In the future, the domestic soybean crushing industry may face a decline in the operating rate, and the crushing profit will continue to be squeezed [60][61]. 4. Excess Supply and Weak Demand Coexist; Pig Prices Continue to Bottom Out 4.1 Pig Prices Rebound and then Come under Pressure Again; the Industry Remains at the Bottom of the Cycle - In January 2026, the domestic pig market was in a complex game between the traditional consumption peak season and high supply, showing the characteristics of a weak peak season and industry pressure. Pig prices did not show a unilateral upward trend but rebounded slightly and then came under pressure again. The industry was still at the bottom of the cycle, with self - breeding and self - raising of pigs still incurring an average loss of about 33 yuan per head as of early January. Major listed pig enterprises increased their slaughter volume but saw a decline in sales revenue due to lower average prices [75]. 4.2 Pig Production Capacity is Reduced Slowly; Market Supply Pressure Remains Heavy - The official inventory data shows that the number of sows capable of reproduction is slowly decreasing, but the absolute quantity is still high. As of the end of 2025, the national inventory of sows capable of reproduction was 39.61 million, a 2.9% year - on - year decrease, still slightly higher than the balanced level. In 2025, the national pig slaughter volume reached 720 million, and the pork output was 59.38 million tons. In late January 2026, the short - term market supply pressure increased significantly due to the increased slaughter volume and the concentrated release of fattened pigs by secondary fatteners [76][77]. 4.3 Traditional Pre - Festival Demand is Delayed Overall; Demand Explosiveness is Weakened - Slaughter enterprises are eager to lower the purchase price of pigs to reduce losses, which suppresses market demand. Traders and slaughter enterprises have low willingness to build frozen - product inventories, and the frozen - product inventory level remains low. The Spring Festival in 2026 was about 20 days later than usual, delaying the traditional pre - festival demand peak. Family curing and enema in the south, killing pigs for the New Year in the north, and inventory - building demand from supermarkets and wholesale markets were all weak or delayed, weakening the demand explosiveness [84][86]. 5. Conclusion - The international and domestic soybean market situations are consistent with the core views of the report, with the US soybean market facing pressure and the domestic soybean market showing short - term support and medium - term challenges [96].