高硫现货市场强势，近端地缘风险关注

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not mentioned in the provided content 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Singapore's high-sulfur spot window has seen a large number of high - price transactions, supporting the high - level oscillation of high - sulfur spot discounts. Geopolitical factors are the main bullish drivers. The supply of low - sulfur fuel oil has increased significantly in the short term [4]. - The trading strategy suggests a strong oscillation for unilateral trading, paying attention to geopolitical fluctuations; for arbitrage, take profit on the FU59 long - spread at high levels and pay attention to the LU near - month reverse spread; and adopt a wait - and - see approach for options [6]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Comprehensive Analysis and Trading Strategies 3.1.1 Comprehensive Analysis - High - sulfur: Singapore's high - sulfur spot window transactions support high - level oscillation of discounts. Geopolitical and macro - disturbances persist, with fuel export restrictions and concerns in Russia and Iran. China's state - owned procurement volume increase reflects feedstock demand. - Low - sulfur: The Dangote refinery's gasoline unit maintenance delay and the full - scale recovery of Kuwait's Al - Zour refinery have led to an increase in low - sulfur supply and exports [4]. 3.1.2 Strategies - Unilateral: Strong oscillation, focus on geopolitical fluctuations. - Arbitrage: Take profit on the FU59 long - spread at high levels; pay attention to the LU near - month reverse spread. - Options: Wait - and - see [6] 3.2 Core Logic Analysis 3.2.1 High - Sulfur Fuel Oil Supply - Russia: The Tuapse port has resumed exports, and the refinery's processing and export volume are expected to increase in February. In January, high - sulfur fuel oil exports increased by 27% month - on - month and 30% year - on - year [10]. - Mexico: High - sulfur exports are at a historical low. In 2026, with the full - load operation of the Olmeca refinery and the stable operation of the Tula coking unit, high - sulfur exports will decline marginally [18]. - Middle East: Iran's situation is volatile. In January, high - sulfur fuel oil exports were 110 tons, down 10 tons month - on - month and 9% year - on - year. Iraq plans to supply over 6 million tons of high - sulfur fuel oil from January to June 2026 [21]. 3.2.2 High - Sulfur Fuel Oil Demand - Feedstock demand: PetroChina has been actively purchasing high - sulfur fuel oil in the Singapore spot window. In January, China's high - sulfur arrivals increased by 5% month - on - month [24]. - Marine fuel demand: Singapore's high - sulfur marine fuel bunkering in December 2025 increased by 14% month - on - month and 15% year - on - year. The proportion of high - sulfur marine fuel consumption continued to increase marginally [27]. 3.2.3 Low - Sulfur Fuel Oil Supply - Nigeria: The Dangote refinery's RFCC unit restart has been postponed. In January, low - sulfur exports were about 360,000 tons, up 49% month - on - month [30]. - South Sudan: Energy facilities' supply is gradually recovering. In January, exports declined to about 190,000 tons but have room for further growth [31]. - Middle East: The Al - Zour refinery in Kuwait has fully recovered production. In January, low - sulfur fuel oil exports reached a record high of about 1.15 million tons [34]. - Pan - Singapore region: The Balikpapan refinery in Indonesia has completed its transformation and upgrading project, with expected offsetting changes in VLSFO production [37]. 3.2.4 Low - Sulfur Fuel Oil Demand - There is no specific driving force. Singapore's low - sulfur marine fuel bunkering in December 2025 increased by 2.4% month - on - month and 15.0% year - on - year, but the proportion decreased by 0.4 percentage points [40]. 3.2.5 Marine Fuel Oil - The proportion of high - sulfur marine fuel demand continues to increase marginally. The Red Sea suspension has indirectly promoted the growth of the high - sulfur marine fuel market share. The installation of desulfurization towers on global ships has accelerated [43]. 3.3 Weekly Data Tracking - The report provides various data charts on fuel oil prices, spreads, inventories, etc., including fuel oil spot prices, high - sulfur and low - sulfur fuel oil cross - regional and cross - period spreads, natural gas - fuel oil price ratios, cross - regional freight rates, Singapore bunkering spreads, and fuel oil inventory structures in different regions [47][52][62]