——2025年四季度货币政策执行报告学习理解：降准降息的前提是什么？

Group 1: Economic Outlook - The global economy shows resilience, but uncertainty factors have increased, with inflation remaining sticky and labor markets cooling down[8] - In 2025, major economies are in a rate-cutting cycle, leading to significant increases in global stock indices and a decline in the US dollar index[8] - China's economic growth is supported by exports, which are expected to remain a key demand factor in 2026[2] Group 2: Monetary Policy - The central bank emphasizes the need for a moderately loose monetary policy, focusing on stable economic growth and reasonable price recovery[15] - New goals include guiding reasonable growth in financial totals and balanced credit allocation to address supply-demand challenges[15] - The central bank plans to flexibly and efficiently use various policy tools, including rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio adjustments, to maintain liquidity and support economic growth[15] Group 3: Structural Policies - The central bank has shifted its focus to expanding domestic demand as a priority in structural monetary policy, moving away from an earlier emphasis on technological innovation[19] - There is potential for new policies related to domestic demand, particularly through re-lending tools aimed at supporting key sectors[21] Group 4: Capital Market Insights - The midstream sector is expected to benefit the most from exports, with data indicating a faster contraction in midstream supply compared to upstream and downstream sectors[2] - Long-term loans to the industrial sector have decreased, while loans to the service sector have marginally increased, reflecting a shift in credit allocation[11]