【粤开宏观】我国就业市场全景图谱与三大重点就业人群分析

Employment Overview - In 2022, China's total population was 1.412 billion, with a labor force of 769 million, accounting for 54.4% of the total population[21] - The employment rate was 95.4%, with urban and rural employment at 459 million and 274 million, respectively, representing 62.6% and 37.4% of total employment[21] - Non-private units employed 167 million people (36.4%), while private units employed 292 million (63.6%) in urban areas[60] Key Employment Groups - The number of college graduates entering the labor market in 2022 reached 10.535 million, with an expected increase to 11.79 million in 2024[99] - Migrant workers accounted for 53.1% of non-agricultural employment, with significant concentrations in manufacturing, construction, and services[103] - The average age of migrant workers was 42.3 years, with 53% over 40 years old and 69.3% having a junior high school education or lower[9] Employment Challenges - The unemployment rate for youth aged 16-24 was 16.7%, significantly higher than the 4.8% for those aged 25-29[24] - A mismatch between job availability and graduates' expectations has led to a phenomenon of "delayed employment," with 55% of graduates who received job offers declining due to unsatisfactory conditions[102] - The service sector, particularly hospitality and retail, has seen a decline in migrant worker employment due to the pandemic, with recovery expected as conditions improve[77] Policy Recommendations - Continuous implementation of growth-stabilizing policies is essential to create a favorable macroeconomic environment for employment[84] - Enhancing public employment services and improving the connection between education and market needs are critical for addressing employment challenges[87] - Supporting flexible employment opportunities, such as gig economy roles, can provide transitional work for unemployed individuals[112]