人形机器人系列深度2：特斯拉发布Optimus Gen2，传感器为最大边际变化

Industry Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly mention an industry investment rating [1][2][3] Core Views - The report identifies the humanoid robot sector as a key investment opportunity based on spatial structure and growth path criteria [2] - Tesla's release of Optimus Gen2 is highlighted as a major driver, with sensors being the most significant marginal change [2][6] - Key sensors include tactile, torque, IMU, and vision sensors, with foreign companies dominating the market while domestic players are catching up [2][6][14] Industry Drivers - Tesla's Optimus Gen2 focuses on weight reduction, speed improvement, and enhanced control and balance stability [6] - Sensors provide robots with visual, force, and tactile perception capabilities, benefiting both the robot's body and external environment awareness [6][8] - Domestic companies like Ubtech, Zhiyuan, and Unitree are also incorporating multiple sensors in their robot products [6][8] Sensor Analysis Tactile Sensors - Convert physical waveforms into electrical signals to perceive force and temperature changes, with barriers in materials and algorithms [2][18] - Early-stage development dominated by foreign companies like Canatu, Sensel, and Flexpoint, with domestic leaders including Hanwei Technology's subsidiary Nensda, Audiowell, and Paxini [2][21] Torque Sensors - Convert force signals into electrical signals to measure external pressure, with barriers in calibration, detection, and data decoupling [2][23] - Six-dimensional torque sensors are dominated by foreign brands, but domestic companies like Kunwei are leading in collaborative robot segments [2][30] IMU Sensors - Measure acceleration, angular acceleration, and magnetic field strength to output speed, position, and posture, with hardware barriers in gyroscopes and software barriers in algorithm control [2][14][34] - Dominated by foreign companies like TDK, Honeywell, and ADI, with domestic players like Daoyuan, Huayi, and CoreMEMS catching up [2][14] Vision Sensors - Divided into 2D and 3D, primarily for imaging perception, with Keyence as the global leader with over 50% market share, and domestic leader Opt [2][37] Industry Chain and Related Companies - Tactile sensors: Hanwei Technology, Audiowell [2] - Torque sensors: Donghua Testing, Haozhi机电, Anpelon [2] - IMU sensors: Huayi Technology, CoreMEMS, Minghao Sensing [2] - Vision sensors: Orbbec, Opt [2] Competitive Landscape - Tactile sensors: Foreign companies dominate, with domestic players like Nensda, Audiowell, and Paxini making progress [21] - Torque sensors: Foreign brands lead, but domestic companies like Kunwei are gaining traction in collaborative robots [30] - IMU sensors: Foreign companies like TDK, Honeywell, and ADI dominate, with domestic players gradually catching up [14][34] - Vision sensors: Keyence leads globally with over 50% market share, while domestic players like Opt are advancing [37] Technology and Market Trends - Tactile sensors: Flexible solutions are preferred, with resistive types being relatively mainstream [18] - Torque sensors: Six-dimensional sensors offer higher precision but face challenges in calibration and data decoupling [23][28] - IMU sensors: High precision and zero-bias stability are critical, with hardware and software integration being key barriers [34][35] - Vision sensors: 3D imaging is gaining traction, with domestic companies like Orbbec and Opt making strides [37]