如何理解“高附加值”出口？

High-Value-Added Exports - High-value-added exports include electronics, machinery, and transportation equipment, with specific examples such as integrated circuits, semiconductors, and electric vehicles[25][149] - The domestic value-added ratio (DVAR) of China's exports is significantly higher than the global average, with a DVAR of 35% in 2022 compared to France's 47.7%[10] - China's high-tech industries, such as electrical and optical equipment, have a DVAR of 71.3%, lower than the U.S.'s 89.4%[13] Export Trends and Industry Performance - China's shipbuilding industry has seen strong growth, with new orders for green energy ships accounting for 33.2% of global orders in 2024[42] - Plastic exports grew by 6.8% in 2024, significantly higher than the overall export growth of 1.5%, with a cumulative increase of 88% from 2017 to 2023[50] - Machinery exports, particularly in mechanical components and food processing equipment, grew by 34.3% and 87.2% respectively from 2020 to 2023[83] Global Supply Chain Integration - Vietnam's foreign value-added ratio (FVAR) increased from 17.11% in 2017 to 25.07% in 2022, indicating deeper integration with China's supply chain[59] - China's intermediate goods exports have grown significantly, with a 94.6% increase in integrated circuit exports to ASEAN from 2020 to 2023[105] - The U.S. and Japan maintain lower FVARs in high-tech industries, at 14.6% and 16.5% respectively, reflecting their control over high-value-added production[168] Challenges and Risks - Geopolitical uncertainties and economic disparities may lead to trade friction and shifts in industrial distribution[17] - The complexity of trade structures, such as increased intermediate goods imports, has contributed to a decline in China's DVAR since 2017[59] - Emerging markets like India and Vietnam face challenges in infrastructure and energy supply, limiting their capacity to absorb high-energy-consuming industries[82]