美国搞芯片关税，毫无益处？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implications of potential tariffs on semiconductors and the electronic supply chain in the U.S., highlighting that such measures may not achieve their intended goals and could lead to increased manufacturing costs and further offshoring of production [1][3]. Group 1: Tariff Implications - The U.S. imports approximately $30 billion worth of chips annually, primarily from Southeast Asia, and imposing tariffs may not encourage domestic manufacturing due to a lack of labor-intensive packaging and assembly capabilities [1]. - If tariffs are implemented, companies might shift more manufacturing processes overseas to mitigate rising costs, potentially leading to a situation where entire manufacturing processes are relocated rather than just the assembly of imported chips [1][2]. - The U.S. government is considering a more aggressive approach by implementing "component tariffs," which would tax the value of foreign chips embedded in imported devices, reflecting the complexities of modern supply chains [2][3]. Group 2: Challenges of Domestic Manufacturing - The article raises the question of what issues the semiconductor tariffs aim to address, noting that targeting Chinese chips could be a low-cost solution, but the broader goal of reshaping trade relations with China is more complex [3]. - The construction of new chip factories takes years, and immediate tariff implementation could exacerbate economic pressures, potentially pushing the U.S. economy into recession [3][4]. - The ambition for semiconductor self-sufficiency in the U.S. faces significant challenges, including reliance on critical manufacturing equipment produced by a limited number of companies in Japan and the Netherlands, which could increase domestic production costs and reduce competitiveness [3][4]. Group 3: Global Semiconductor Industry - A large-scale tariff approach is unlikely to achieve the goal of self-sufficiency, as the U.S. economy heavily relies on chips, particularly for AI ambitions that require substantial computing power [4]. - A more viable strategy would be to develop a global semiconductor industry that is both reliable and efficient, rather than attempting to isolate and self-sustain the domestic market [4].