新型半导体，将功耗降低90%

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a £6 million EPSRC-funded project led by Queen Mary University of London, Nottingham University, and Glasgow University, aimed at developing energy-efficient two-dimensional (2D) materials and devices to significantly reduce the power consumption of AI data centers and high-performance computing [1][2]. Group 1: Project Overview - The project, named "NEED2D," focuses on creating atomic-thin semiconductors that can reduce energy consumption in AI data centers by over 90%, thereby lowering electricity costs and aiding in achieving net-zero targets [1][2]. - The initiative involves collaboration with over 20 partners contributing more than £2 million, aiming to establish a new electronic industry in the UK that leverages innovative 2D semiconductors [1][2]. Group 2: Energy Demand and Future Vision - The UK's electricity demand from data centers is projected to increase sixfold by 2034, reaching 30% of total electricity consumption, which poses a threat to climate goals [2]. - Leading semiconductor companies, including TSMC, Intel, and Samsung, recognize 2D materials as a future trend, with a vision for the UK to become a global leader in ultra-low-energy 2D devices by 2040 [2]. Group 3: Technological Advancements - The new 2D materials, such as graphene and its derivatives, exhibit superior charge transport efficiency compared to silicon, making them ideal for low-power computing and reducing heat waste [2][3]. - The project aims to advance the precision engineering of 2D semiconductors, exploring their unique electronic properties at the atomic scale [3]. Group 4: Economic and Environmental Impact - The transition to low-power 2D transistors is expected to enhance the UK's attractiveness for tech investments and demonstrate the economic potential of energy transition [4]. - The research is anticipated to help the UK meet its climate goals while establishing a revolutionary new microelectronics industry, creating jobs and reducing electricity costs [5].