图解税收 | 企业所得税汇算清缴热点问题大盘点之税收优惠

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses various tax policies and incentives for small and micro enterprises, including the conditions for enjoying tax benefits and the specifics of research and development (R&D) expense deductions. Group 1: Small and Micro Enterprises Tax Policies - Branch offices treated as independent taxpayers cannot enjoy small and micro enterprise tax benefits [2] - For enterprises with fluctuating employee numbers, the average number of employees should be calculated based on quarterly averages throughout the year [2] - If an enterprise meets both R&D expense deduction and small micro enterprise criteria, it can enjoy both benefits simultaneously [3] Group 2: R&D Expense Deductions - R&D expenses eligible for tax deductions include personnel costs, direct input costs, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization [4] - From January 1, 2023, R&D expenses that do not form intangible assets can be deducted at 100%, while those that do can be amortized at 200% [2][4] - For integrated circuit and industrial mother machine enterprises, R&D expenses can be deducted at 120% from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2027 [2] Group 3: Tax Refunds and Deductions - Enterprises with refundable corporate income tax amounts must apply for refunds rather than offsetting against future tax liabilities [4] - New equipment purchased from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2027, with a unit value not exceeding 5 million yuan can be fully deducted in the current period [4][6] - Financing lease assets do not qualify for one-time tax deductions [6] Group 4: High-Tech Enterprises - High-tech enterprises can carry forward losses for up to 10 years, extended from the previous 5 years [6] - High-tech enterprises can prepay corporate income tax at a 15% rate in the year their qualification expires, pending re-certification [6]