非正规经济：县域社会的基本盘

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of informal employment in rural areas, particularly in Yaoxian County, highlighting its characteristics, demographics, and economic implications for local communities [2][11]. Group 1: Characteristics of Informal Employment - Informal employment primarily consists of casual labor without formal contracts or social security, which is prevalent in rural areas [2]. - The informal economy serves as a crucial foundation for county-level societies, providing flexible job opportunities for many individuals [2]. Group 2: Demographics of Informal Workers - The majority of informal workers in Yaoxian County are rural residents, often opting for informal jobs due to the lack of stable formal employment opportunities [3][4]. - Informal employment is predominantly male, with many women either being full-time homemakers or working in stable factory jobs [6][7]. - A significant portion of informal workers are middle-aged and older individuals, who face greater survival pressures and often seek various income opportunities [8][10]. Group 3: Economic Context - The income from informal work can be comparable to or even exceed that of formal factory jobs, which are often low-paying and physically demanding [4][5]. - The local economy is characterized by a "low income - high consumption" balance, leading to limited savings among residents [10]. - The informal economy in Yaoxian County is not effectively integrated with the formal economy, as formal jobs do not attract many informal workers due to low income and lack of freedom [11].