【宏观】关税扰动显现，美国消费数据转弱——2025年4月美国零售数据点评（高瑞东）

Core Viewpoint - The significant decline in April's U.S. retail sales growth indicates the negative impact of tariffs on the economy, as consumers made large purchases in March to avoid price increases, leading to a weaker retail performance in April [4] Retail Sales Data Summary - April U.S. retail sales increased by 0.1% month-on-month, compared to an expected 0% and a revised previous value of 1.7% [2] - Core retail sales (excluding automobiles and gasoline) also rose by 0.1%, below the expected 0.3% and revised previous value of 0.6% [2] Market Reaction Summary - Following the release of retail data, the Dow Jones, S&P 500, and Nasdaq indices showed mixed performance, changing by +0.65%, +0.41%, and -0.81% respectively [3] - The 10-year U.S. Treasury yield fell by 8 basis points to 4.45%, while the 2-year yield decreased by 9 basis points to 3.96% [3] Economic Implications - The decline in retail sales growth and the lower-than-expected Producer Price Index (PPI) suggest that the negative effects of tariffs are becoming evident, leading to a decrease in inflation concerns [4] - The PPI recorded a year-on-year increase of 2.4%, marking a third consecutive month of decline, which may alleviate short-term inflation worries [4] - Market expectations for a potential interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve have increased following the data release, although uncertainties regarding trade policies and inflation trends may lead the Fed to remain cautious in the short term [4]