显著降低10种癌症风险！司美格鲁肽等GLP-1RA还可抗癌？

Core Viewpoint - GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have shown potential not only in controlling blood sugar and promoting weight loss but also in reducing the risk of obesity-associated cancers (OACs) in type 2 diabetes patients [2][3]. Research Background and Methodology - The study was motivated by the relationship between obesity and cancer, focusing on the potential of GLP-1RAs to lower the risk of OACs due to their effectiveness in weight reduction [4]. - Data from 1.65 million type 2 diabetes patients, who had not been diagnosed with 13 types of OACs, were analyzed using the TriNetX platform, which includes electronic health records from 64 healthcare institutions in the U.S. [4][5]. Comparison with Insulin - The analysis included 1.09 million patients using either GLP-1RAs or insulin, revealing that GLP-1RAs significantly reduced the risk of 10 types of OACs compared to insulin [6]. - Specific reductions in cancer risk associated with GLP-1RAs include: - Gallbladder cancer risk reduced by 65% - Meningioma risk reduced by 63% - Pancreatic cancer risk reduced by 59% - Hepatocellular carcinoma risk reduced by 53% - Ovarian cancer risk reduced by 48% - Colorectal cancer risk reduced by 46% - Multiple myeloma risk reduced by 41% - Esophageal cancer risk reduced by 40% - Endometrial cancer risk reduced by 26% - Kidney cancer risk reduced by 24% [6][7]. Comparison with Metformin - When comparing GLP-1RAs with metformin, no significant reduction in cancer risk was observed for 12 types of cancers, but there was a noted 54% increase in kidney cancer risk among GLP-1RA users [8]. Research Limitations - The study's retrospective nature and reliance on electronic health records introduce inherent limitations, such as biases and uncontrolled confounding factors [9][10]. Research Applications - Despite limitations, findings suggest that GLP-1RAs may address a broader range of health issues, with recent FDA approvals for drugs like Wegovy to reduce cardiovascular risks in overweight or obese patients [11]. - Companies like Eli Lilly are expanding their GLP-1 therapies to treat conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea, indicating ongoing innovation in this therapeutic area [13].