美国芯片，最新建议

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. semiconductor industry is crucial for economic competitiveness and national security, with a recommendation for a comprehensive policy strategy to maintain and enhance its leadership position [1][2][5]. Group 1: Industry Importance and Current Status - The U.S. semiconductor industry holds a global market share of 50.7% and has been a leader for decades [2][5]. - Approximately 70% of the U.S. semiconductor industry's revenue comes from sales to customers outside the U.S., highlighting the importance of international markets [2][13]. - SIA member companies are investing over $500 billion across 28 states to build manufacturing and R&D facilities, which is expected to create over 500,000 jobs [12][2]. Group 2: Recommendations for Policy and Strategy - The SIA suggests forming industry agreements with allies to create favorable markets for U.S. chips and downstream electronic products [2][3]. - Implement domestic tax incentives to stimulate additional investment in the semiconductor ecosystem, including extending and expanding the Advanced Manufacturing Investment Credit (AMIC) [3][43]. - Simplify regulations to accelerate investment in the U.S. chip supply chain, addressing potential regulatory barriers that could hinder manufacturing capabilities [3][46]. Group 3: Economic and Competitive Challenges - The total construction and operational costs of U.S. semiconductor fabs are 30-50% higher than those in Asia, necessitating ongoing government support to close this cost gap [5][33]. - The semiconductor industry faces a long-term challenge of achieving efficient production scales, with high fixed capital costs and lengthy timeframes for profitability [28][33]. - Broad tariffs could increase costs for semiconductor manufacturing inputs, potentially harming the competitiveness of U.S. firms in the global market [35][37]. Group 4: Labor and R&D Development - The government should fund R&D and workforce development programs to support the long-term growth and leadership of the U.S. semiconductor industry [3][47]. - There is a need to strengthen the pipeline of skilled STEM talent to meet the demands of the semiconductor sector [47][48]. Group 5: Global Supply Chain and Trade Considerations - The complexity of the semiconductor supply chain requires U.S. companies to maintain access to critical components, many of which lack domestic alternatives [27][24]. - The SIA emphasizes the importance of international cooperation to ensure a resilient supply chain and to avoid unintended consequences from unilateral trade policies [6][41].