吉林大学钱志辉教授：《源自人体的启示：仿生拉压体机器人原理与技术》

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses advancements in bionic robotics and intelligent control, emphasizing the need for innovation in robot design to achieve better energy efficiency and functionality, particularly in humanoid robots [2][20]. Group 1: Bionic Robotics and Intelligent Control - The "2025 Bionic Robot and Intelligent Control Forum" held in Hangzhou attracted nearly 400 participants and over 10,000 online viewers, highlighting the growing interest in bionic robotics [2]. - The forum featured a keynote report by Professor Qian Zhihui from Jilin University, focusing on the principles and technologies behind bionic tensile and compressive robots [2]. Group 2: Current Challenges in Humanoid Robotics - Humanoid robots are currently in a "showcase-first" stage, with significant gaps in practical application, including issues with safety, arm manipulation, and high energy consumption [4]. - The Cost of Transport (COT) metric indicates that humanoid robots have much higher energy consumption compared to humans, with values such as 5 for Boston Dynamics' Atlas and 1.6 for Honda's Asimo, while humans have a COT of only 0.05 [5]. Group 3: Analysis of Robotic Limitations - Three main issues are identified in humanoid robots: 1. Material composition leads to poor safety in human-robot physical contact due to rigid components [6]. 2. Joint structures are simplified and require complex control, increasing energy consumption [6]. 3. Power systems are inefficient due to multiple energy conversions, unlike the integrated system found in human muscles [6]. Group 4: Innovations in Bionic Robotics - The concept of "Layagrity" is introduced, which combines tensile and compressive elements to create a new design for advanced humanoid robots [7]. - The first generation of bionic tensile robots has been developed, achieving walking speeds of 2.0-4.5 km/h with a COT of 0.069-0.107, significantly lower than traditional humanoid robots [11]. Group 5: Advances in Dexterous Manipulation - The development of bionic hands faces challenges due to the trade-off between rigid and soft hands, necessitating innovative solutions [14]. - A new three-dimensional dynamic X-ray imaging system has enabled the study of human hand biomechanics, leading to improved designs for bionic hands that replicate human dexterity [14]. Group 6: Future Directions in Robotics - The research team aims to create a modular bionic system that incorporates human-like movement characteristics, focusing on dynamic stability and high precision in robotic arms and hands [20]. - The ultimate goal is to overcome existing limitations in humanoid robotics by integrating biological design principles to enhance movement intelligence and adaptability [20].