美国借款人迎来借贷成本高企时代

Core Viewpoint - The recent tax reduction measures proposed in the Republican "Big and Beautiful" bill are prompting investors to sell U.S. Treasuries, reminiscent of the 2007 market behavior, indicating a potential long-term rise in borrowing costs for U.S. borrowers [1][3]. Group 1: Bond Yield Trends - The 10-year U.S. Treasury yield, a benchmark for various loans, has seen a significant rise, with the 30-year yield surpassing 5% for the first time in nearly two years, reaching its highest level since spring 2007 [3][6]. - Morgan Stanley's Jim Caron suggests that interest rates are unlikely to return to historical lows, indicating a need to adapt to a steeper yield curve and persistent inflation [3][8]. Group 2: Economic Implications - The rise in bond yields is attributed to the Federal Reserve's actions to combat inflation, which have diminished the attractiveness of existing bonds compared to newly issued ones [5][6]. - Concerns over rising inflation and federal deficits, exacerbated by tax cuts and tariffs, are driving up interest rates, with the Congressional Budget Office projecting a federal deficit of $1.9 trillion for FY2025, representing 6.2% of GDP [6][7]. Group 3: Political and Fiscal Dynamics - The "Big and Beautiful" bill is expected to increase the deficit by $3.8 trillion by 2034, raising concerns among investors about the sustainability of such fiscal policies [7]. - The potential for a unified Republican government to maintain large deficits poses risks, as highlighted by Moody's recent downgrade of U.S. debt ratings due to deficit concerns [7][8]. Group 4: Global Economic Factors - Caron emphasizes that the current rise in yields is not a temporary phenomenon, contrasting with the declining trend of borrowing costs since the 1980s, which was largely due to low inflation rates influenced by globalization [8][11]. - The ongoing concerns about U.S. debt and shrinking global trade may weaken demand for U.S. Treasuries, further pushing up bond yields [11][12].