美国半导体，太强了

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the strength and growth potential of the U.S. semiconductor industry, highlighting the need for policymakers to implement robust measures to promote industry growth and technological innovation [1]. Group 1: Industry Overview - The global semiconductor sales have increased from $139 billion in 2001 to an estimated $630.5 billion in 2024, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.8% [11]. - The U.S. semiconductor industry regained its global market leadership in 1997, maintaining a market share of 50.4% as of now, after experiencing a significant loss in the 1980s [13]. - U.S. semiconductor companies' sales rose from $71.1 billion in 2001 to $318.2 billion in 2024, reflecting a CAGR of 6.7% [16]. - In 2024, U.S. semiconductor exports reached $57 billion, ranking sixth among all U.S. exports [21]. Group 2: Global Market Dynamics - The demand for semiconductors is primarily driven by consumer products such as laptops, smartphones, and automobiles, with increasing demand from emerging markets in Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Africa [24]. - The Asia-Pacific region is the largest semiconductor market, with China being the largest single-country market, accounting for nearly 46% of the Asia-Pacific market and 24% of the global market [28]. Group 3: Capital Expenditure and R&D Investment - In 2024, U.S. semiconductor companies invested a total of $119.5 billion in R&D and capital expenditures, with a CAGR of approximately 6.4% from 2001 to 2024 [31]. - The average annual capital expenditure as a percentage of sales has remained between 10% and 15% over the past 20 years, indicating the capital-intensive nature of the industry [39]. - R&D spending in the U.S. semiconductor industry has a CAGR of approximately 7.5% from 2001 to 2024, with total R&D investment reaching $70 billion in 2024 [40]. Group 4: Employment Impact - The U.S. semiconductor industry directly provides 345,000 jobs and supports over 1 million indirect jobs, resulting in nearly 2 million additional jobs created [49]. Group 5: Productivity - Since 2001, labor productivity in the U.S. semiconductor industry has more than doubled, with per capita sales revenue exceeding $744,000 in 2024 [51].