C1 生物制造产业化的关键路径是什么？谭天伟等人提出保障原料供应、提升碳转化率等策略，实现可持续发展

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of C1 biomanufacturing as a sustainable alternative to traditional chemical production, highlighting its potential to address global challenges related to resource depletion and carbon emissions [1][12]. Group 1: C1 Biomanufacturing Overview - C1 biomanufacturing utilizes one-carbon compounds such as CO₂, CO, CH₄, and CH₃OH as raw materials, converting them into high-value chemicals and fuels through microbial processes [3][5]. - The technology integrates metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and fermentation techniques, aiming to transition from laboratory to industrial scale while ensuring economic viability and environmental sustainability [3][5]. Group 2: Economic and Technical Challenges - Current carbon conversion efficiencies in C1 biomanufacturing are below 10%, leading to increased capital and operational costs, with fermentation equipment costs exceeding 92% in some cases [7][9]. - The article identifies two sustainable pathways for improving production: a dual-stage bioconversion system using steel mill flue gas and a hybrid process coupling CO₂ electrochemical reduction to methanol with microbial conversion [5][9]. Group 3: Raw Material Supply Issues - C1 biomanufacturing faces challenges related to the supply of raw materials, which are geographically dispersed and subject to significant cost fluctuations, with raw material costs accounting for over 57% of operational expenses [9][10]. - Developing technologies that utilize waste materials as raw inputs is crucial for enhancing economic viability and ensuring stable supply chains [9][10]. Group 4: Policy and Collaborative Efforts - Establishing a collaborative mechanism among industry, academia, and research institutions is essential for securing raw material supply, enhancing conversion efficiency, and creating a transparent profit-sharing model [10][12]. - Successful examples include partnerships like Lanzatech's collaboration with Shougang Group for ethanol production from steel mill emissions, demonstrating the importance of upstream and downstream cooperation [10]. Group 5: Environmental Benefits and Future Directions - C1 biomanufacturing shows significant carbon reduction potential, with the ability to achieve net reductions of 17.20 to 1219.03 tons of CO₂ equivalent per ton of chemical produced [11]. - The article suggests that advancements in technology and ongoing cost optimization will pave the way for the commercialization of C1 biomanufacturing in the near future [8][11].