【广发宏观陈嘉荔】 如何理解稳定币？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent legislative developments regarding stablecoins, highlighting their potential impact on the financial market and the broader economy, particularly in the context of the U.S. dollar's dominance and the competition with digital currencies like China's digital yuan [1][29][30]. Group 1: Legislative Developments - A series of stablecoin-related legislations have gained attention since April 2025, including the passage of the STABLE Act and the advancement of the GENIUS Act in the U.S. Congress [1][10][11]. - The GENIUS Act aims to establish a regulatory framework for payment stablecoins, ensuring a 1:1 backing with U.S. dollars and implementing strict disclosure and anti-money laundering requirements [6][27][29]. Group 2: Understanding Stablecoins - Stablecoins are a type of cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value by pegging to fiat currencies or low-volatility assets, with the global market cap growing from $5 billion in 2019 to $250 billion currently [2][15]. - They can be categorized into fiat-collateralized, commodity-collateralized, crypto-collateralized, and algorithmic types, with the first three being similar in principle [2][14]. Group 3: Supply and Demand Dynamics - The stablecoin ecosystem includes issuers, payment service providers, and DeFi protocol providers, each generating revenue through various means such as minting fees and transaction costs [3][16]. - Demand for stablecoins is driven by their advantages over traditional currencies, including faster transaction speeds, lower costs, and the ability to bypass traditional banking constraints [4][20]. Group 4: Market Projections - Projections suggest that stablecoin market capitalization could reach between $500 billion to $2 trillion by 2028, depending on regulatory developments and competition from central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) [5][23][32]. - The increasing use of stablecoins in cross-border payments and international trade could significantly enhance their market penetration [24][25]. Group 5: Impact on U.S. Treasury Bonds - Currently, major stablecoin issuers hold approximately $166 billion in U.S. Treasury bills, representing about 2.6% of the total T-Bill market, with potential for increased demand as stablecoin usage expands [8][32]. - The influx of stablecoin investments into U.S. Treasuries could exert downward pressure on short-term interest rates, influencing the broader financial market [33][35]. Group 6: Implications for Gold Demand - The rise of stablecoins may affect gold pricing dynamics, as they could enhance the credibility of the U.S. dollar while also providing an alternative to gold as a hedge against currency devaluation [34][36]. - If stablecoins become widely adopted, they may divert some demand away from gold, particularly in high-inflation economies where residents traditionally turn to gold for value preservation [36].