Cell：粪菌移植的安全性受质疑，或产生长期、意料之外的负面健康后果

Core Viewpoint - Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is increasingly used as an intervention method, but it may lead to unexpected negative health consequences due to microbial mismatches during the process [5][12][14]. Group 1: FMT Overview - FMT involves transferring microbiota from healthy donors to patients to restore gut microbiome balance, primarily using anaerobic microbes from the colon [2]. - The FDA has approved FMT for treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infections, but its efficacy and mechanisms in other diseases remain unclear [3]. Group 2: Research Findings - A study published in Cell highlights that microbial mismatches during FMT can lead to persistent off-target metabolic and immunomodulatory effects [4]. - The research indicates that anaerobic microbes from the colon may colonize the small intestine post-FMT, altering the local gut environment and potentially leading to negative health impacts [6][11]. Group 3: Methodological Insights - The study suggests that performing FMT via colonoscopy may help avoid unexpected outcomes compared to oral or upper gastrointestinal endoscopic methods [7][16]. - Experiments on mice showed that different transplantation methods (jejunum vs. cecum vs. fecal) resulted in varying impacts on metabolic pathways and immune responses, with jejunum transplants being more beneficial for host metabolism [10]. Group 4: Implications for Future Research - The findings emphasize the need for objective measures to evaluate both short-term and long-term consequences of FMT [15]. - There is a call to reconsider the best administration routes for FMT, weighing the benefits of colonoscopy against other methods to mitigate risks [16].