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Core Viewpoint - The article addresses common questions regarding the oral semaglutide for weight loss, emphasizing its effectiveness, usage guidelines, and safety profile. Group 1: Weight Loss Efficacy - In the OASIS 1 study, participants using 50mg oral semaglutide lost an average of 17.4% (18.34 kg) of their body weight over 68 weeks [2] - The OASIS 4 study showed that participants using 25mg oral semaglutide lost an average of 13.6% (14.4 kg) over 64 weeks, with potential maximum weight loss reaching 16.6% (17.6 kg) if all subjects completed the treatment [4] - To achieve weight loss effects similar to the injectable version, higher doses of oral semaglutide (up to 25mg or 50mg) may be required, while the current maximum available dose is 14mg [4] Group 2: Side Effects and Safety - Approximately 30% of participants reported gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which are common with GLP-1 receptor agonists [5] - Semaglutide has shown good safety in elderly patients and those with renal impairment, but caution is advised for patients with severe renal dysfunction [7] - Long-term safety data is still being collected, but current studies indicate good long-term tolerability [8] Group 3: Usage Guidelines - Semaglutide should be taken at least 30 minutes before the first meal of the day, using no more than 118ml of plain water for swallowing [9] - The recommended starting dose is 3mg once daily for 30 days, followed by an increase to 7mg once daily [11][12] - If the 7mg dose is ineffective after 30 days, it can be increased to a maximum of 14mg once daily [13] Group 4: Lifestyle Changes for Weight Loss - The article emphasizes that weight loss should not solely focus on calorie restriction; a balanced diet with a minimum of 1200 kcal daily is recommended [15] - Adequate protein intake of at least 1g per kg of body weight is essential, and caloric deficits should be maintained within 300-500 kcal [17] - Regular physical activity is crucial, with recommendations for 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise weekly [18] Group 5: Mechanism of Action - Semaglutide lowers blood sugar through a glucose-dependent mechanism, improving beta-cell function and insulin resistance [19] - It mimics GLP-1 to help control appetite and prolong satiety by slowing gastric emptying [20][21] Group 6: Additional Benefits - In the PIONEER study, semaglutide demonstrated efficacy in managing type 2 diabetes, significantly lowering HbA1c levels in 92.3% of newly diagnosed patients [28] - The PIONEER 6 study indicated a 51% reduction in cardiovascular death risk among type 2 diabetes patients using semaglutide [29] Group 7: Advantages of Oral Formulation - Oral semaglutide can be stored at room temperature, making it easier to transport compared to injectable forms that require cold chain storage [31] - The oral formulation is more convenient for patients who may fear injections [33] Group 8: Risk of Hypoglycemia - Semaglutide's glucose-dependent mechanism means it does not induce hypoglycemia in individuals with normal blood sugar levels, making it safer for weight loss treatment [34] Group 9: Weight Regain After Discontinuation - In a study, 18% of patients regained weight after stopping semaglutide, while 26% regained more than 25% of their lost weight, indicating a potential for weight rebound [35]