美国制裁伊朗影子银行，为政府洗钱数十亿美元，涉及多个香港实体

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the extensive shadow banking network in Iran, which is utilized by sanctioned individuals and entities to evade international sanctions and facilitate the funding of military and terrorist activities through the international financial system [1][2]. Group 1: Shadow Banking Network - The shadow banking system in Iran consists of numerous financial institutions that allow sanctioned individuals and military organizations to use the international financial system, facilitating Iran's international exports that fund military and terrorism [2]. - This system operates as a parallel banking system, with settlements conducted through exchange institutions in Iran, using front companies primarily located in Hong Kong and the UAE to represent sanctioned Iranian entities [2]. - Shadow banking brokers may generate false invoices or transaction details to legitimize payments for sanctioned goods, and these front companies are established in jurisdictions with low regulatory oversight to avoid scrutiny [2]. Group 2: Zarringhalam Brothers - The Zarringhalam brothers operate a network of front companies in the UAE and Hong Kong, assisting sanctioned regime officials and related merchants in purchasing oil and other goods from foreign buyers [3]. - Their network is utilized by major Iranian oil and petrochemical exporters and the Iranian military to evade sanctions and facilitate the transfer and receipt of funds related to oil and petrochemical sales [3]. Group 3: Front Companies in Hong Kong - The Zarringhalam brothers manage a network of front companies in Hong Kong and the UAE that conduct international transactions on behalf of Iranian entities [4]. - Companies such as Hero Companion Limited, Plzcome Limited, and Kinlere Trading Limited have facilitated millions of dollars in oil product sales for the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), with specific transactions including approximately $20 million in February 2025 and over $9 million in April 2024 [4]. - These front companies are used to obscure the fact that Iranian oil products are being delivered to end-users in China [4]. Group 4: Front Companies in UAE - The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) has designated several UAE-based companies that are either owned by the Zarringhalam network or support its operations, such as Wide Vision General Trading L.L.C and J.S Serenity FZE, which coordinate shadow banking transactions [7].