大学最火专业

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the evolving landscape of higher education in China, particularly focusing on the changes in college entrance examination (Gaokao) policies and the emergence of new academic disciplines, highlighting the shift in popular majors and their implications for future employment opportunities [2][3]. Group 1: Changes in Gaokao and Higher Education - The number of Gaokao candidates decreased by 70,000 compared to last year, marking the first decline in a decade, indicating a potential shift in educational dynamics [2]. - The introduction of the "3+1+2" new Gaokao model across 29 provinces has altered the admission rules from "institutional priority" to "major group locking" [2]. - The Ministry of Education has announced 29 new undergraduate majors, including low-altitude technology, artificial intelligence education, and carbon neutrality science, while traditional majors like tourism management and business administration are being phased out [2][3]. Group 2: Popular Majors and Employment Trends - The article notes that there are no permanently popular majors, with the top majors changing significantly over the years; for instance, architecture was the most popular in 2015, while electronic science and software engineering topped the list in 2023 [5]. - By 2025, universities like Peking University and Wuhan University are expanding their enrollment in fields such as information science and artificial intelligence, reflecting the demand for interdisciplinary talent [9]. - The rise in popularity of majors like aerospace engineering and network engineering is attributed to advancements in technology and industry needs, with some fields experiencing a significant increase in ranking [10]. Group 3: Interdisciplinary Studies and New Productivity - The concept of interdisciplinary studies is gaining traction, with 239 universities offering 723 interdisciplinary programs, primarily in artificial intelligence and related fields [22][23]. - The article introduces the term "new productivity," categorizing emerging fields into six major directions, including digital economy and biotechnology, which align with current educational expansions [26]. - The focus on interdisciplinary studies suggests a shift in how students should approach their major selections, moving away from traditional divisions between arts and sciences [22][26]. Group 4: Salary Trends and Industry Demand - The relationship between popular majors and salary growth is complex; popular majors do not always guarantee high-paying jobs, as evidenced by the disconnect between enrollment trends and industry salary growth [29][30]. - Industries such as electric power equipment and pharmaceuticals have shown consistent growth in both employment and salary, while others like retail and construction have seen declines [29][30]. - The article emphasizes that while current trends may indicate a hot job market for certain fields, this does not ensure long-term salary stability or job security [32].