JAMA子刊：“减肥神药”司美格鲁肽或增加这种可导致失明的视网膜疾病风险

Core Viewpoint - The study indicates that the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists, specifically semaglutide, is associated with more than double the risk of developing neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in diabetic patients compared to those not using these medications [3][8]. Group 1: Study Overview - A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted to assess the risk of nAMD in elderly diabetic patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists [6]. - The study analyzed data from 139,002 diabetic adults aged 66 and older in Ontario, Canada, from 2020 to 2023, with 46,334 using GLP-1 receptor agonists for at least six months [6]. Group 2: Risk Assessment - The adjusted risk ratio for developing nAMD in patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists was found to be 2.21, indicating more than double the risk compared to non-users [7]. - The risk increased with the duration of use, with a risk ratio of 3.62 for those using the medication for 30 months or longer [7]. Group 3: Implications and Concerns - Concerns regarding retinal complications associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists have been growing, especially following findings from major cardiovascular trials (SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6) where patients using semaglutide showed a higher incidence of diabetic retinopathy complications compared to those on placebo [7]. - The association between GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure and nAMD diagnosis persisted across different durations of use, aligning with previously reported complications affecting vision [7][8]. - There is a need for regular eye examinations for patients on long-term GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy due to potential delayed ocular damage [7].