半导体行业观察·2025-06-16 01:47Core Viewpoint - The semiconductor industry is increasingly viewed as a critical aspect of national security by various governments, highlighting the complex global supply chain and the geopolitical tensions surrounding advanced chip production [2][3]. Group 1: Semiconductor Supply Chain Complexity - The semiconductor supply chain involves a highly specialized ecosystem, including advanced software for chip design, silicon wafers, complex manufacturing equipment, and decades of R&D investment [1]. - The global reliance on Taiwan's TSMC, which produces 70% to 90% of the world's advanced transistors, has raised concerns about supply chain vulnerabilities amid geopolitical tensions [2]. Group 2: Geopolitical Impacts and National Strategies - Since the U.S. implemented export controls against mainland China in October 2022, semiconductors have become a strategic focus, with countries aiming to strengthen domestic control over semiconductor production [3]. - The competition for advanced chips, particularly GPUs for AI applications, has surged, exemplified by Nvidia's market capitalization doubling from January 2023 to January 2024 [2]. Group 3: Comparative Strengths of Countries/Regions - No single country can fully control the advanced semiconductor supply chain; the U.S. excels in chip design and tools but lags in manufacturing, while mainland China leads in economic resources and packaging [5]. - The U.S., Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea maintain dominance in key supply chain nodes such as advanced manufacturing and chip design, but high costs and technological barriers hinder new entrants [6]. Group 4: Investment Trends and Future Outlook - Leading semiconductor nations are investing heavily to maintain their competitive edge, with Japan committing over $11 billion to support domestic startups and South Korea planning to build the world's largest semiconductor cluster by 2047 [9]. - The U.S. semiconductor advantage is challenged by export controls, which have impacted equipment manufacturers more severely than chip designers, as seen in Nvidia's projected $5.5 billion loss due to export restrictions [10][11]. Group 5: Emerging Markets and Regional Developments - India aims to become a key player in the semiconductor value chain, leveraging its market size and labor force, despite lagging in critical infrastructure compared to leading nations [12]. - Germany is positioning itself as a major semiconductor player in the EU, with plans to double its market share in chip production by 2030, although recent delays in factory construction raise concerns [13]. Group 6: Regional Strategies and Competitive Advantages - Singapore is capitalizing on its geographical advantages and skilled workforce to maintain a strong position in the semiconductor market, focusing on chip design and advanced packaging [14].