【Nat. Commun.】新型3D打印软体机器人突破速度与强度极限

Core Insights - The article discusses advancements in soft robotics, particularly focusing on a new design approach that combines classic mechanical structures with multi-material 3D printing to enhance the performance of soft robots [1][25]. Group 1: Innovations in Soft Robotics - The research introduces a novel design inspired by the movement of quadrupeds, specifically horses, which utilize a reverse D-shaped trajectory for efficient locomotion [3][4]. - Three major innovations are highlighted: 1. Multi-material fusion printing technology [5] 2. A bionic structure that integrates rigidity and flexibility [6] 3. A closed-loop control system for real-time adjustments [7]. Group 2: Performance Improvements - The new soft robot design shows significant performance enhancements compared to traditional soft robots: - Speed increased from 0.154 BL/s to 0.428 BL/s, a 178% improvement [8]. - Horizontal stride length improved from 26.89 mm to 46.97 mm, a 75% increase [8]. - The robot can now withstand pressures of up to 30 kN, demonstrating enhanced structural integrity [8]. - The operational range has expanded to 250 meters, which is 2500 times its body length, overcoming previous limitations [8]. Group 3: Material and Manufacturing Advances - The robot utilizes three types of TPU materials with varying Shore hardness to optimize performance: 75D for the rigid skeleton, 95A for the transition layer, and 85A for soft joints [9]. - Innovative joint designs using dovetail and finger joints have quadrupled tensile strength, addressing previous layering issues [9]. - The manufacturing process employs multi-nozzle hot melt deposition technology for integrated printing, allowing for gradient hardness in joints and links [9]. Group 4: Application Prospects - The soft robot is poised for various applications, including: 1. Disaster rescue operations in rubble and uneven terrain [23]. 2. Field exploration, capable of climbing steep rocks and traversing sandy areas [23]. 3. Industrial inspections in pipelines and confined spaces [23]. 4. Human-robot collaboration, ensuring safety during interactions [23]. Group 5: Future Challenges and Opportunities - The integration of classic mechanics with multi-material printing opens avenues for customized soft robots at a low cost, addressing core challenges in the field [25]. - Future developments may focus on enhancing flexibility in electronic systems, adapting to extreme environments, and incorporating AI for adaptive gait switching [28].