数说者·2025-06-22 10:09Core Viewpoint - The article analyzes the customer and business structure of major commercial banks in China, focusing on the comparison of corporate and personal loan structures as of the end of 2024 and the first quarter of 2025, highlighting the dominance of corporate loans in the overall loan portfolio of these banks [1][3]. Asset Overview - As of the end of 2024, major commercial banks with total assets exceeding 4 trillion yuan include six state-owned banks and seven national joint-stock banks, with total assets of over 5 trillion yuan expected by March 2025 [1]. - The "Big Four" banks (ICBC, ABC, CCB, and BOC) have total assets exceeding 35 trillion yuan, with ICBC surpassing 50 trillion yuan by March 2025 [1][2]. Loan Composition - Loans remain the primary component of assets for these banks, with the "Big Four" having total loans exceeding 20 trillion yuan each by the end of 2024 [3]. - CCB has the highest loan-to-asset ratio at 63.58%, while Postal Savings Bank has the lowest at 52.17% [3][4]. Loan Structure - Most major commercial banks, except for Postal Savings Bank,招商银行, and 平安银行, primarily focus on corporate loans, with corporate loans accounting for over 50% of total loans [5]. - By the end of 2024, the highest corporate loan ratio is seen in交通银行 at 65.07%, while Postal Savings Bank has only 40.95% [5][8]. Personal Loan Insights - Personal loans are primarily housing loans for the "Big Four," with CCB's housing loans making up 69.67% of personal loans by the end of 2024 [8][9]. - Postal Savings Bank's housing loans account for less than 50% of its personal loans, but the absolute amount exceeds 2 trillion yuan [10]. Credit Card Balances - The "Big Four" banks have relatively low credit card balances as a percentage of personal loans, generally below 10%, but their absolute amounts are significant due to their large size [11]. - 招商银行 has a credit card balance of 947.84 billion yuan, surpassing that of ABC, ICBC, and BOC, and is close to CCB's balance [11][12].