越南和日本：好孩子和坏孩子

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent trade agreements between the United States and Vietnam, highlighting the differences in negotiation outcomes with Japan and the implications for U.S. trade policy under Trump [3][4][6]. Group 1: U.S.-Vietnam Trade Agreement - The U.S. has agreed to reduce tariffs on Vietnamese products from 46% to 20%, while imposing a 40% tariff on goods transshipped through Vietnam to the U.S. Vietnam will maintain zero tariffs on U.S. goods [3][4]. - The agreement reflects a broader strategy by the U.S. to maintain a competitive tariff differential with other countries, with a minimum differential of 8.2% and a maximum of 20% [6][15]. Group 2: U.S.-Japan Trade Negotiations - Japan's negotiations with the U.S. have stalled, with Japan insisting on comprehensive exemptions from tariffs, while the U.S. focuses on specific tariff rates [11][16]. - The U.S. has threatened to impose tariffs as high as 35% on Japanese goods, indicating a tougher stance compared to the agreement with Vietnam [10][24]. - Japan's position as a major investor in the U.S. has not translated into favorable trade terms, as the U.S. perceives Japan as a "spoiled ally" [11][24]. Group 3: Broader Implications for Trade Policy - The article suggests that the U.S. may adopt a phased approach to tariff negotiations, granting exemptions to countries making progress while applying pressure to those lagging behind [21]. - The potential for a trade agreement with India is highlighted, with India facing a 26% tariff and seeking a similar arrangement as Vietnam [18][19]. - The article notes that the U.S. is likely to be more flexible in negotiations with non-allied countries compared to traditional allies like Japan [17][21].