宋雪涛：关税豁免日到期后会发生什么？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ongoing trade negotiations between the United States and various countries, focusing on the U.S. demands in the tariff negotiations and the potential outcomes as the July 9 deadline approaches [2][21]. Group 1: U.S. Demands in Tariff Negotiations - The U.S. aims to use "reciprocal tariffs" as leverage to increase government revenue, reduce fiscal spending, attract foreign investment, enhance supply chain security, and create a more favorable global operating environment for American companies [3]. - One of the primary demands is to expand U.S. exports, particularly in the energy and agricultural sectors, which account for an average of 28% of total U.S. exports over the past five years [4][5]. - The U.S. government seeks to reduce overseas spending, particularly foreign aid, using tariffs as a tool to compel recipient countries to lessen their dependency on U.S. support [6]. - Another key demand is to promote the return of manufacturing to the U.S. to enhance supply chain resilience, especially in critical industries like semiconductors and medical supplies [9][10]. Group 2: Specific Negotiation Developments - The U.S. has made significant progress in negotiations with countries like India, Pakistan, and Switzerland, with expectations of reaching trade agreements or frameworks [15][21]. - The article highlights specific investments from various countries, such as Diageo's $415 million investment in Alabama and Japan's $44 billion investment in a natural gas project in Alaska, indicating active engagement in trade discussions [11]. - The U.S. has also been addressing discriminatory taxes imposed by other countries, particularly the digital services tax (DST), which targets major U.S. tech companies [12][13]. Group 3: Potential Outcomes and Future Negotiations - As the July 9 deadline approaches, the U.S. has shown a fluctuating stance on tariff increases, indicating that the outcome will depend on the substantive compromises made by both parties [14][21]. - Countries like the EU and Japan face significant uncertainties in negotiations due to disagreements over issues like the digital services tax and automotive tariffs [18]. - The article suggests that countries with large trade deficits with the U.S. may agree to purchase more American goods and ease market access in order to reach trade agreements [16][20].