孤独与社交隔离：被忽视的肥胖和2型糖尿病危险因素

Core Viewpoint - Loneliness and social isolation are increasingly recognized as significant public health challenges that can exacerbate the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [4][6][15] Summary by Sections Impact of Loneliness and Social Isolation - A significant portion of the global population experiences social isolation, with one in four individuals affected, and over one in five suffering from chronic loneliness [4] - Research indicates that individuals lacking social connections have a 30% higher risk of developing T2DM compared to those with robust social ties [4][9] Research Findings - A meta-analysis involving over 1.11 million participants revealed that individuals experiencing loneliness have a 32% increased risk of T2DM, while those who are socially isolated face a 20% increased risk [8][9] - The study highlighted that the impact of loneliness on diabetes risk is more pronounced than that of social isolation, suggesting a need for further exploration of the underlying biological mechanisms [9][10] Biological Mechanisms - Chronic loneliness can disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to elevated cortisol levels and insulin resistance, which are critical factors in the development of T2DM [10][11] - Social isolation can cause excessive sympathetic nervous system activation, promoting inflammation and impairing insulin signaling, further contributing to the risk of T2DM [11] New Perspectives on Diabetes Prevention - The findings suggest that integrating social health assessments into diabetes management could optimize chronic disease strategies and reduce healthcare burdens [7][13] - Recommendations include encouraging community engagement, implementing psychological interventions, and adopting innovative models like "social prescriptions" to enhance social support for patients [14][15] Conclusion - The recognition of loneliness and social isolation as critical factors in T2DM development necessitates a shift in public health policies to include social connection improvements as a preventive measure [6][15]