艾瑞咨询·2025-07-08 06:17Core Insights - Stablecoins serve as a "dual currency" between decentralized digital currencies and fiat currencies, offering advantages in payment convenience, privacy protection, and value stability, thus becoming a low-cost, high-efficiency payment tool [1] - The recent regulatory policies in the US and Hong Kong have initiated a new "currency war," positioning the stablecoin market as a critical battleground for maintaining US dollar hegemony and promoting the internationalization of the Chinese yuan [1] Group 1: Definition and Mechanism of Stablecoins - Stablecoins are special digital currencies issued by stablecoin developers, large e-commerce companies, and licensed financial institutions, combining the advantages of digital currencies and fiat currencies [2] - The core technology of stablecoins is based on decentralized distributed ledger technology within blockchain systems, enabling direct payment transactions without traditional banking intermediaries [2] Group 2: Types and Issuance Mechanisms of Stablecoins - The main issuance mechanisms for stablecoins include fiat currency collateralized issuance, cryptocurrency collateralized issuance, high liquidity commodity collateralized issuance, and algorithmic uncollateralized issuance, with fiat and cryptocurrency collateralized issuance accounting for over 99.8% of the market [3][4] - Fiat currency collateralized stablecoins are pegged to a single currency or a basket of fiat currencies, while cryptocurrency collateralized stablecoins use cryptocurrencies as collateral, often employing over-collateralization to mitigate market risks [3][4] Group 3: Market Value and Growth of Stablecoins - Since 2020, the stablecoin market has grown from 5 billion to 250 billion USD, with an annual growth rate exceeding 100%, and transaction volumes approaching 37 trillion USD [7] Group 4: Regulatory Landscape and Market Analysis - The regulatory frameworks in China, Hong Kong, and the US differ significantly, with China prioritizing financial sovereignty, Hong Kong focusing on market development, and the US emphasizing the control of underlying technologies to maintain dollar dominance [11][8] - The US stablecoin market is dominated by USDT and USDC, which together account for over 80% of the market share [10] Group 5: Recent Regulatory Developments - The US Senate passed the "GENIUS Act" on May 19, 2025, establishing a federal regulatory framework for stablecoins, requiring issuers to obtain licenses and maintain a 1:1 collateralization ratio with high liquidity assets [14][15] - Hong Kong's "Stablecoin Ordinance," effective August 1, 2025, introduces a licensing regime for stablecoin issuers, ensuring 100% reserve requirements and enhancing market transparency [16][17] Group 6: Applications in Cross-Border Payments and E-commerce - Stablecoins are positioned as a solution to the inefficiencies of traditional cross-border payment systems, significantly reducing costs and transaction times [32] - Major e-commerce giants like JD.com and Ant Group are exploring the issuance of their own stablecoins to enhance financial capabilities and streamline cross-border transactions [35]