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美国在“劫贫济富”
虎嗅APP·2025-07-13 23:58

Core Viewpoint - The "Big and Beautiful Act" signed by President Trump represents a significant shift in U.S. fiscal policy, emphasizing tax cuts and spending reductions while exacerbating wealth inequality and increasing national debt [1][2]. Group 1: Legislative Overview - The act includes a $4 trillion tax cut over the next decade and a $1.5 trillion reduction in spending, alongside a $5 trillion increase in the federal debt ceiling, marking a substantial acceleration of previous fiscal reforms [1][9]. - The passage of the act was contentious, with a narrow vote of 51-50 in the Senate and 218-214 in the House, highlighting deep political divisions [5][6]. Group 2: Political Implications - The act reflects a direct clash between the interests of Republican and Democratic voter bases, with Republicans favoring tax cuts and deregulation, while Democrats advocate for increased taxes on the wealthy and expanded social welfare [6][7]. - Trump's push for the act is seen as a strategy to solidify his political agenda and maintain control over the Republican Party amidst significant opposition [7][8]. Group 3: Economic Consequences - The act is expected to create a $2.5 trillion deficit gap, which will necessitate increased borrowing, further exacerbating the national debt, projected to exceed $41 trillion [9][10]. - The increase in debt is likely to lead to higher borrowing costs and could undermine the credibility of the U.S. dollar as a global reserve currency [11][12]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The act does not provide a viable solution to the existing debt crisis, leaving three potential paths—fiscal tightening, economic growth, or debt default—largely unfeasible in the current political climate [13][14]. - The most probable outcome may involve "inflationary debt," where the government allows inflation to erode the real value of its debt, potentially leading to long-term economic instability [15][16].