武汉大学×中国人民大学发表最新Nature论文：极端高温或导致中国住院人数大幅增加

Core Viewpoint - The study published in Nature highlights the significant increase in hospitalization due to extreme temperatures in China by 2100, emphasizing the urgent need for climate change mitigation strategies to reduce temperature-related health risks and associated costs [2][8]. Summary by Sections Research Overview - The research analyzed hospitalization data related to six climate-sensitive diseases across 301 cities in China, covering over 90% of urban areas, and utilized a nonlinear distributed lag model to assess historical associations between temperature and hospitalizations [5][6]. Predictions and Findings - Predictions indicate that, without adaptation measures, the number of additional hospitalizations due to extreme high temperatures could reach 5.1 million by 2100 under high carbon emission scenarios. The associated hospitalization costs are projected to increase by $5.19 billion [7]. - The study found that the additional hospitalization risk from extreme high temperatures is expected to rise across all carbon emission scenarios, while the impact of extreme low temperatures is minimal [6][7]. Regional and Socioeconomic Insights - Historical data suggests that the northwest and southwest regions of China are particularly vulnerable to temperature-related health risks, especially concerning pregnancy-related diseases. The northern regions are more susceptible to extreme heat, while southern regions are more vulnerable to extreme cold [6][7]. - The research also highlights socioeconomic disparities, indicating that densely populated and economically developed areas, such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, face relatively lower additional hospitalization risks during extreme heat events [7][8].