金融危机新火种：98万亿美元隐性债务

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the alarming growth of "hidden debt" in the form of dollar financing through foreign exchange swaps, which poses significant liquidity risks globally, especially for financial institutions outside the US [3][4][6]. Group 1: Hidden Debt Overview - Hidden debt refers to dollar financing obtained through financial derivatives known as foreign exchange swaps, which are not recorded on balance sheets and lack sufficient disclosure [3][4]. - The global balance of dollar hidden debt has surged from $41 trillion at the end of 2008 to $91 trillion by the end of 2023, and is projected to reach $98 trillion by the end of 2024 [3][4]. Group 2: Implications for Financial Institutions - Non-bank institutions, such as investment funds, are the largest users of foreign exchange swaps, which are less regulated and have inadequate information disclosure compared to banks [4][6]. - Japanese banks, including Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, and Mizuho Financial Group, face challenges in stabilizing dollar financing, with their foreign currency deposits not fully covering foreign currency loans as of March 2025 [6]. Group 3: Potential Risks and Market Reactions - In times of crisis, financial institutions may be forced to pay higher costs to secure dollars or sell dollar assets, potentially worsening their financial conditions [6]. - The uncertainty surrounding the Federal Reserve's willingness to supply dollars during emergencies raises concerns about future liquidity, especially in light of geopolitical tensions and potential economic downturns [7][8].