印度半导体，危机并存

Core Viewpoint - India is making bold moves to become a major player in the global semiconductor industry, driven by the desire for economic growth, technological independence, and enhanced national security [1]. Group 1: Need for a Strong Semiconductor Industry - India currently relies on imports for over 90% of its semiconductor needs, which poses risks such as vulnerability to global supply chain disruptions and impacts on national security [2]. - The country aims to build a self-sufficient semiconductor ecosystem to mitigate these risks and meet the growing demand [2]. Group 2: Government Initiatives - The Indian government is implementing the "India Semiconductor Mission" (ISM), a $10 billion initiative aimed at creating a robust ecosystem for chip manufacturing and design [3]. - This initiative is supported by other programs like the "Production Linked Incentive" (PLI) and "Design Linked Incentive" (DLI) to encourage investment in India [3]. Group 3: Progress and Investments - Major companies are beginning to invest significantly in semiconductor manufacturing and packaging in India, such as Tata Group's collaboration with Taiwan's PSMC to build a chip factory worth ₹91,000 crore [4]. - Micron Technology is investing $2.75 billion to establish an assembly, testing, marking, and packaging (ATMP) facility [5]. - Other companies like Adani Group, HCL-Foxconn, and global tech giants are also launching similar projects in India [6]. Group 4: Opportunities - Global trends are aiding India's semiconductor ambitions, including the establishment of chip manufacturing units, enhancement of design and packaging capabilities, and the creation of technology jobs [7]. - The need for supply chain diversification due to global tensions and U.S.-China tech competition positions India as a reliable partner with a large talent pool and a rapidly growing tech market [8]. Group 5: Challenges - India faces significant challenges, including a lack of advanced chip manufacturing facilities and a complete supply chain, particularly in wafer production and lithography [9]. - Infrastructure gaps, such as the need for ultra-pure water and stable electricity, hinder progress, along with the high costs of building fabs and a shortage of skilled professionals in microelectronics and materials science [9]. - Environmental concerns related to energy consumption and waste generation in chip manufacturing also pose challenges [9].