欧明刚：世界银行改革及前景｜国际

Core Viewpoint - The World Bank, as a multilateral development bank, is undergoing significant reforms to adapt to global challenges such as public health crises, geopolitical conflicts, climate issues, and food security, while facing potential disruptions from the return of unilateralism under the Trump administration [1][4]. Group 1: Structure and Evolution of the World Bank - The World Bank has evolved from a single institution to a multilateral development group, including IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA, and ICSID, and has undergone multiple reforms over the past 80 years [2]. - The leadership of the World Bank is influenced by the U.S. due to its veto power, with major reforms often initiated or approved by the U.S. government [2]. Group 2: Key Reforms and Initiatives - The World Bank's vision and mission have been expanded to address global challenges, changing its vision from "a world free of poverty" to "creating a world free of poverty on a livable planet" [5]. - The World Bank plans to increase its financing capacity by $100 billion through a reduction in its capital adequacy ratio from 20% to 19%, allowing for an annual release of $4 billion for climate-related projects [6]. - The World Bank aims to mobilize private capital and domestic resources to support sustainable development goals, with potential financing capacity increases of up to $50 billion over the next decade [7]. - A historic agreement for capital increase was reached in 2018, allowing for an increase of $75 billion in paid-in capital for IBRD, enhancing its total lending capacity by approximately $100 billion [8][10]. Group 3: Operational Changes - The World Bank is focusing on improving loan operational efficiency and enhancing coordination within its group to achieve synergies [10]. - A new framework for joint financing with the Asian Development Bank aims to streamline project processes and provide quicker results for borrowers [11]. - The World Bank has implemented a scoring method for international procurement to assess quality and sustainability, promoting environmentally and socially responsible practices [11]. Group 4: Impact of U.S. Political Changes - The return of Trump to the White House may hinder the progress of World Bank reforms, as his administration favors a reduction in funding and a focus on core functions of poverty alleviation and economic growth [12][13]. - The Trump administration's approach contrasts with the Biden administration's willingness to increase funding for the World Bank, raising concerns about the future direction of the institution [12][13].