人形机器人视觉、触觉、定位传感技术分析

Core Viewpoint - Humanoid robots are essential carriers of embodied intelligence, relying on the synergy between perception and cognition layers to dynamically recognize environments, learn autonomously, and respond interactively [1] Visual Perception - Visual perception is the primary means for humanoid robots to acquire environmental information, evolving from 2D to 3D, with a complementary relationship between vision and LiDAR [2] - In 2023, the 2D vision market size was approximately 16.15 billion yuan, accounting for 87.24%, while the 3D vision market was about 2.36 billion yuan, making up 12.76% [2] - The leading companies in the 3D vision sensor market include Aobo Zhongguang, which holds over 70% market share in public service robots, and RealSense, which maintains a stable market share in industrial robots [4] LiDAR Technology - LiDAR technology measures distances by emitting laser beams, maintaining stable perception in complex lighting and obstructed environments, effectively compensating for the shortcomings of visual solutions [6] - In the first ten months of 2024, SUTENG, Huawei, and Hesai Technology accounted for 95% of the global LiDAR market [6] Tactile Sensors - Tactile perception is crucial for humanoid robots to perform precise operations, with MEMS sensors and electronic skin being the two main technological paths [7] - The global flexible tactile sensor market was valued at 1.53 billion USD in 2022, with MEMS solutions dominating due to cost advantages [7] - The electronic skin market in China is projected to reach 9.05 billion yuan by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 64.3% [9] MEMS Sensors - The global MEMS sensor market size was 9.9 billion USD in 2023, with inertial sensors accounting for 35% [15] - Domestic manufacturers have achieved technological breakthroughs, with MEMS gyroscopes matching international products in key performance indicators [15][19] - Domestic MEMS sensor products are priced at approximately 70-80% of their overseas counterparts, accelerating the replacement process [17] Conclusion and Future Outlook - The evolution of humanoid robot perception technology focuses on improving perception accuracy and practical feasibility, with advancements in 3D vision, LiDAR, MEMS, and electronic skin technologies [20] - The integration of AI algorithms for multi-source sensor data fusion and the durability of electronic skin remain critical challenges for the next 3-5 years [20]