张瑜：“反内卷”有哪些法制化工具？

National Level: Regulating Government and Enterprise Behavior - The legal tools for regulating internal competition include five key laws: the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, the Anti-Monopoly Law, the Price Law, the Fair Competition Review Regulations, and the Guidelines for the Construction of a Unified National Market (Trial) [4][11] - The revised Anti-Unfair Competition Law, effective from October 15, 2025, prohibits platform operators from forcing or indirectly compelling platform operators to sell products below cost, disrupting market order [12][4] - The Anti-Monopoly Law, revised in 2022, aims to prevent monopolistic practices and includes provisions against selling below cost without justification [13] - The Price Law revision focuses on regulating unfair pricing behaviors, including low-price dumping and coercive pricing practices [14] - The Fair Competition Review Regulations, effective from August 1, 2024, aim to ensure equal market access and prevent discriminatory practices [15] Industry Level: Adjusting Industrial Structure and Regulating Development - The "Industrial Structure Adjustment Guidance Catalog (2024)" categorizes projects into encouraged, restricted, and eliminated, with strict investment prohibitions on restricted and eliminated projects [5][18] - The "Cement and Glass Industry Capacity Replacement Implementation Measures (2024)" prohibits new capacity for cement and flat glass projects unless a capacity replacement plan is established [20] - The "Network Transaction Platform Rules Supervision Management Measures (Draft for Comments)" aims to prevent unreasonable restrictions on platform operators' pricing and operational autonomy [6][21] Product Level: Promoting the Exit of Outdated Capacity through Standards - National mandatory standards are being raised to facilitate the exit of outdated production capacities, focusing on energy consumption limits and equipment efficiency standards [7][22] - By 2025, 25 products, including coal, glass, and cement, must complete upgrades or eliminations, while 11 products, including urea and titanium dioxide, are targeted for 2026 [22][24] - New mandatory national standards have been issued for various industries, including chemicals and automotive manufacturing, although specific compliance timelines are not yet established [26]