半导体行业观察·2025-07-31 01:20Core Insights - The U.S. semiconductor industry is experiencing an unprecedented investment boom and strategic restructuring driven by geopolitical competition and supply chain security considerations, with over 130 major projects announced across 28 states since 2020, totaling more than $600 billion in private sector investments [1][2] - These projects are expected to create and support over 500,000 jobs, including 69,000 direct facility jobs and 122,000 construction jobs, along with 335,000 derivative jobs through industry-related effects, showcasing a significant multiplier effect on the economy [1] Policy Support - The U.S. government has provided substantial support, with the Department of Commerce granting $32.5417 billion in direct subsidies to 48 projects across 32 companies, alongside $5.85 billion in low-interest loan support [2] - A notable initiative includes a $3 billion special subsidy to Intel for its "Secure Enclave" program, aimed at ensuring a fully domestic supply chain for advanced semiconductors critical to national security [2] Industry Ecosystem - By July 2025, the U.S. semiconductor industry is expected to present a highly complex and finely divided ecosystem, covering the entire supply chain from chip design to wafer manufacturing and packaging/testing, along with upstream key equipment and materials suppliers and a robust R&D network involving universities and research institutions [2] Fabless Companies - Fabless companies focus on chip design without engaging in manufacturing, representing the most innovative segment of the industry, primarily located in technology hubs like California, Massachusetts, and Colorado [3][4] - Key players include NVIDIA, AMD, Marvell, MediaTek, Cirrus Logic, Navitas, Allegro Microsystems, and Ampere Computing, all of which rely on external foundries for manufacturing [6][7][8][10][11][12][14] IDM Companies - IDM (Integrated Device Manufacturer) companies control the entire process from chip design to wafer manufacturing and packaging, showcasing strong technical accumulation and industry control [20][21] - Major IDM players include Intel, Micron, Texas Instruments, Skyworks, Infineon Technologies, Analog Devices, and NXP Semiconductors, with significant investments in advanced manufacturing capabilities [23][24][25][30][27][28][31] Foundries - Foundries provide wafer manufacturing services to fabless companies and IDMs, with a limited number of U.S. foundries, but recent CHIPS Act initiatives are accelerating their development [38] - Notable foundries include TSMC, GlobalFoundries, and Intel Foundry Services, with TSMC investing nearly $40 billion in advanced fabs in Arizona [40][41][42] OSAT (Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test) - OSAT companies play a critical role in the semiconductor backend process, with a growing focus on advanced packaging technologies [51][52] - Key OSAT players include Amkor Technology and Integra Technologies, both of which are expanding their capabilities in response to the CHIPS Act [54][55] Equipment and Materials Suppliers - Equipment and materials suppliers are essential for semiconductor manufacturing, with the U.S. maintaining a leading position in this sector [58][59] - Major companies include Applied Materials, Lam Research, KLA Corporation, and ASML, all of which are heavily involved in developing advanced manufacturing technologies [62][63][64][65] IP & EDA Companies - IP and EDA (Electronic Design Automation) companies provide critical infrastructure for chip design, with leaders like Cadence Design Systems and Synopsys offering comprehensive tools and support [86][88][89] - These companies are pivotal in advancing design processes for AI, 5G, and automotive electronics [89][92] Universities and National Laboratories - U.S. universities and national laboratories serve as vital innovation platforms and talent incubators for the semiconductor industry [94][95] - Institutions like MIT, Stanford, and national labs such as Lawrence Berkeley and Argonne play crucial roles in semiconductor research and development [97][100][101]