Nature：上帝的剪刀，AI 制造！生成式AI设计出CRISPR蛋白，高效编辑人类DNA，且安全性更高

Core Viewpoint - CRISPR gene editing, recognized as a groundbreaking advancement in life sciences, has achieved significant milestones, including FDA approval for its first therapy targeting genetic diseases, marking the beginning of a new era in genetic disease treatment [2][4]. Group 1: CRISPR Technology Overview - CRISPR, discovered in 1987, is a complex adaptive immune system in bacteria that captures viral DNA fragments, forming a genetic memory to guide CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins in cutting DNA [7]. - The CRISPR-Cas9 system, developed by Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna in 2012, allows for programmable gene editing, leading to therapeutic applications such as the Casgevy therapy for sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia [8][10]. Group 2: Current Limitations - Despite initial clinical successes, CRISPR tools still face challenges such as off-target effects and potential adverse immune responses, limiting broader applications [3][10]. Group 3: AI's Role in Advancing CRISPR - The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to enhance gene editing tools, making them more adaptable and powerful [4]. - Profluent's research, published in Nature, introduced OpenCRISPR-1, an AI-designed gene editing tool that successfully edited the human genome, paving the way for more accessible and cost-effective gene therapies [4][5]. Group 4: OpenCRISPR-1 Characteristics - OpenCRISPR-1, designed entirely by AI, shows 403 amino acid mutations compared to SpCas9, yet maintains similar targeting efficiency while significantly reducing off-target editing by 95% [18]. - The AI-designed tool also appears to have lower immunogenicity compared to pathogen-derived editors, enhancing its potential for in vivo applications [18]. Group 5: Future Implications - The integration of AI in designing CRISPR systems signifies the beginning of a broader revolution in precision medicine, where therapeutic proteins are optimized through AI rather than solely relying on natural evolution [25]. - The ongoing development of AI-driven CRISPR systems could lead to significant advancements in treating previously incurable genetic diseases, expanding the scope of CRISPR applications beyond traditional boundaries [25].