Workflow
北京银行净息差困局:规模扩张变“割肉游戏”
BOBBOB(SH:601169) 市值风云·2025-08-04 10:08

Core Viewpoint - The first quarter report reveals a deep crisis in the scale-driven model during the interest rate down cycle, highlighting a divergence between asset growth and profitability for Beijing Bank [1][6]. Financial Performance - In Q1 2025, Beijing Bank's total assets exceeded 4.5 trillion yuan, growing by 5.9% year-on-year, with total deposits at 2.6 trillion yuan and loans at 2.3 trillion yuan, both maintaining approximately 6% growth [3]. - However, the bank's revenue fell to 17.13 billion yuan, a decrease of 3.2% year-on-year, and net profit attributable to shareholders dropped to 7.67 billion yuan, down 2.4%, marking the first quarterly revenue and profit decline in 12 years [5]. Net Interest Margin - The net interest margin (NIM) for Beijing Bank fell to 1.31% in Q1 2025, a decline of 16 basis points from the previous year, significantly underperforming the industry average of 1.43% [8]. - This low NIM indicates minimal profit margin, as the bank earns only 1.31 yuan for every 100 yuan in deposits after paying interest to depositors [9]. Asset and Liability Pressure - The bank's yield on interest-earning assets dropped by 18 basis points to 3.5% due to continuous LPR adjustments and lower loan rates, while the cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased to 2.03% [11]. - Despite a 5.9% growth in loan volume, the bank's interest income fell from 12.77 billion yuan to 12.59 billion yuan, indicating that scale expansion did not translate into increased interest income [11][12]. Asset Quality - The non-performing loan (NPL) ratio for Beijing Bank stood at 1.3%, slightly down by 1 basis point from the beginning of the year, which is higher than the average NPL ratio of 1.15% among listed city commercial banks [15]. - The proportion of special mention loans increased from 1.14% in 2020 to 1.79% in 2024, indicating potential risks in asset quality [17]. Capital Adequacy - The bank's provision coverage ratio decreased from 208.8% at the end of 2024 to 198.1%, and the loan loss reserve ratio fell from 2.73% to 2.57%, suggesting a potential reduction in provisions to smooth earnings [18]. - Capital adequacy ratios also declined, with the core Tier 1 capital ratio dropping from 8.95% to 8.64%, indicating increased pressure on risk management [19][21]. Income Structure - Non-interest income decreased by 7.8% year-on-year in Q1 2025, highlighting competitive pressures in retail banking [22]. - Although fee and commission income rose by 24.4% to 1.44 billion yuan, it only accounted for 8.4% of total revenue, insufficient to offset the decline in interest income [22][23].