经营区域分散，不良上升，息差下降，厦门国际银行需要一场“改革”

Core Viewpoint - Xiamen International Bank, established in 1985, transitioned from a Sino-foreign joint venture to a city commercial bank in 2013, reflecting its local state-owned nature despite its initial foreign investment [2][29]. Shareholding Structure - The top ten shareholders of Xiamen International Bank as of the end of 2024 include: - Fujian Provincial Investment Co., Ltd. (11.82%) - Minxin Group Co., Ltd. (8.69%) - Zhuhai Xianchuang Investment Management Co., Ltd. (4.96%) - Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (4.25%) - Fujian Investment Enterprise Group Co., Ltd. (4.12%) - Xiamen Guomao Holding Group Co., Ltd. (3.85%) - Xiamen Jianfa Group Co., Ltd. (3.83%) - Fujian Development Expressway Co., Ltd. (3.16%) - Suzhou Sugaoxin Technology Industry Development Co., Ltd. (2.99%) - Huali Family Co., Ltd. (2.87%) [3]. Business Operations - Xiamen International Bank operates 12 branches in mainland China and holds controlling stakes in two overseas banks: Macau International Bank and Chiyou Bank, forming a strategic presence in both mainland and Hong Kong/Macau markets [2][4]. Financial Performance - As of the end of 2024, Xiamen International Bank's consolidated total assets reached 1.14 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth rate of only 1.84%, marking a significant slowdown [6]. - The bank's operating income in 2023 was 125.13 billion yuan, a decrease of 26.95% year-on-year, and the net profit dropped by 81.39% to 8.79 billion yuan [10][14]. Profitability and Income Sources - The net interest margin for Xiamen International Bank fell below 1% to 0.90% in 2024, indicating a heavy reliance on investment income rather than traditional interest income [15][20]. - In 2024, the interest income accounted for only 42% of total operating income, significantly lower than the investment income [17]. Asset Quality and Risk Management - The non-performing loan (NPL) ratio increased to 2.12% by the end of 2024, with a declining provision coverage ratio of 105.47%, approaching regulatory danger levels [21][24]. - The overdue loan ratio was reported at 3.29%, and the attention loan ratio at 4.99%, indicating rising asset quality concerns [23]. Regional Diversification - The bank's loan balance shows that only 31.27% of loans are concentrated in Fujian province, which is low for a city commercial bank primarily serving a local market [25][26]. - The high cost-to-income ratio of 46.71% in 2023 reflects inefficiencies likely due to its dispersed operational strategy [29].